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			<p class="Type-of-Article">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Type-of-Article"><span class="CharOverride-1">Case Report</span></p>
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			<p class="title- ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="title- ParaOverride-1">Coccidiosis Due to <i>Eimeria arloingi</i> Infection in a Saanen Goat Kid</p>
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			<p class="Authors ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Authors ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-3">Aycan Nuriye Gazyagci</span><span class="CharOverride-4">1*</span><span class="CharOverride-3">, Tugce Anteplioglu</span><span class="CharOverride-4">2</span><span class="CharOverride-3">, Sıla Canpolat</span><span class="CharOverride-4">2</span><span class="CharOverride-3">, Hasan Tarik Atmaca</span><span class="CharOverride-4">2</span></p>
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			<p class="Affiliations ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6">1</span>Faculty of  Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey; <span class="CharOverride-6">2 </span>Faculty of  Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey.</p>
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			<p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-7">Abstract</span> | Coccidiosis, caused by protozoa of the genus <span class="CharOverride-8">Eimeria</span>, is one of the major parasitic diseases characterized by subclinical contagious enteritis influencing domestic and wild animals. Most often affected are young animals with diarrhoea, poor growth and death. A month of age death in Saanen goat kid was referred to Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universty of Kırıkkale. At necropsy, severe and diffuse nodular hyperplasia were present on entire small intestine mostly jejunum and ileum. Also intestinal contents were solid and bloody in jejunum and ileum, cecum and large intestinal contents were watery and greenish. Morphological identification of <span class="CharOverride-8">Eimeria arloingi</span> oocysts was carried out based on sporulation techniques and 9900 of oocysts per gram of feces (OPG) were determined by means of the modified McMaster technique. At histo-pathologic examination of intestinal segments were observed whole epithelial layers cells containing oocyst and different numbers of developmental stages of protozoan.</p>
		  <p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-7">Keywords </span>| Coccidiosis, <span class="CharOverride-8">Eimeria arloingi, </span>Goat, Histopathology, Intestine</p>
		  <p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
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			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-10">Editor</span> | Muhammad Abubakar, National Veterinary Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan.</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-7">Received</span> | December 08, 2014; <span class="CharOverride-7">Revised</span> | January 15, 2015; <span class="CharOverride-7">Accepted</span> | January 17, 2015; <span class="CharOverride-7">Published</span> | February 07, 2015&#9;&#9;</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-7">*Correspondence</span> | Aycan Nuriye Gazyagci, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey; <span class="CharOverride-7">Email:</span> naycani1980@yahoo.com </p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-7">Citation</span> | Gazyagci AN, Anteplioglu T, Canpolat S, Atmaca HT (2015). Coccidiosis due to <span class="CharOverride-15">Eimeria arloingi</span> infection in a Saanen Goat Kid. Res. J. Vet. Pract. 3(2): 29-32.</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-7">DOI</span> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.rjvp/2015/3.1.29.32"><span class="Hyperlink">http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.rjvp/2015/3.2.29.32</span></a><span class="Hyperlink"></span></p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="Editor---Citation CharOverride-7" lang="en-US">ISSN </span>| 2308-2798</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-10">Copyright </span>© 2015 Gazyagci et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>
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			<p class="Caps-on-First-Para ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Caps-on-First-Para ParaOverride-1"><span class="_idGenDropcap-1">C</span>occidiosis is a protozoan disease caused by several species of the genus Eimeria, have been observed in worldwide. Eimeria in goats develop in the small and large intestine and causes enteritis in small ruminants and death especially in young animals. Also it leads to growth deficiency and lower productivity in goats which survived from the disease and these animals as a premium play role transmission of clinical coccidiosis (<a href="#Taylor-M--Coop-RL--2007-"><span class="Hyperlink">Taylor et al., 2007</span></a>).</p>
		  <p class="Caps-on-First-Para ParaOverride-1">&nbsp; </p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">There are 17 Eimeria species have been described in goats (<a href="#Din-er----Vatansever-Z--2001-."><span class="Hyperlink">Dinçer and Vatansever, 2001</span></a>). <a href="#Din-er----Vatansever-Z--2001-."><span class="Hyperlink">Dinçer and Vatansever (2001)</span></a> have defined nine species in Turkey. However, just nine Eimeria species could create an infection and the most pathogenic species in goat is <span class="CharOverride-8">Eimeria arloingi</span> (<a href="#Taylor-M--Coop-RL--2007-"><span class="Hyperlink">Taylor et al., 2007</span></a>). Eimeria species from goat are localized in liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, hepatic and mesenteric lymph nodes as well as small and large intestine (<a href="#Dik-B--2001-"><span class="Hyperlink">Dik, 2001</span></a>; <a href="#Nourani-H--Karimi-I--Azizi-H--2006-"><span class="Hyperlink">Nourani et al., 2006</span></a>). <span class="CharOverride-8">E. arloingi</span> causes polyp and nodular hyperplasia in intestinal mucosa (<a href="#Taylor-M--Coop-RL--2007-"><span class="Hyperlink">Taylor et al., 2007</span></a>).</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			
		  <div class="pt" > <a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150209185453.png" target="new"><img class="img_display" src="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150209185453.png" width="80" height="80"></a>
            
            <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-7"><a id="Figure1-"></a>Figure1:</span> <a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150209185453.png"> A, B, C, D, E and F</a></p>
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			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"> <span class="CharOverride-7">A</span>. Unsporulated oocysts in feces detected with flotation examination; <span class="CharOverride-7">B</span>. Sporulated oocysts in feces detected with flotation examination; <span class="CharOverride-7">C</span>. Severe and diffuse noduler hyperplasia (arrows) in intestine serosa; <span class="CharOverride-7">D</span>. Severe and diffuse noduler hyperplasia (arrows) in lumen of duodenum; <span class="CharOverride-7">E</span>. There were macrogamont (arrow head), microgamont (arrow), hyperemi (h), neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration with severe plasmacyte and lymphocyte (asterisk); <span class="CharOverride-7">F</span>. There were macrogamont (arrow head), microgamont (arrow) and oocyst stages of <span class="CharOverride-8">E. arloingi </span>(asterisk) in intestinal epithelium</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text">One month-old goat kid died after showing severe watery with clumps of mucus and yellowish diarrhoea, weakness and anorexia symptoms and was referred Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universty of Kırıkkale. At necropsy, severe and diffuse nodular hyperplasia were present on jejunum and ileum (<a href="#Figure1-"><span class="Hyperlink">Figure 1C</span></a> and <a href="#Figure1-"><span class="Hyperlink">1D</span></a>). After collection of faecal samples from the all intestinal segment, native examination and flotation with saturated NaC1 was done for determine number of oocysts (<a href="#Figure1-"><span class="Hyperlink">Figure 1A</span></a>). Fecal examination was performed with the modified McMaster technique, establishing the number of oocysts in 1 g of feces (OPG coefficient) (<a href="#Thienpont-D--Rochette-F--Vanparijs-O--1986-."><span class="Hyperlink">Thienpont et al., 1986</span></a>). The intensity of infection in kid was high 9 900 oocysts in 1 g of feaces. Sporulation was performed in wet chamber at 24–26°C in a 2.5% aqueous solution of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) (<a href="#Pell-rdy-LP--1974-"><span class="Hyperlink">Pellérdy 1974</span></a>). The species  of Eimeria was determined based on morphological criteria of oocysts such as; shape of oocyst, presence of micropyle, aspect of oocyst wall, polar cap, colour, shape of sporocyst, presence of stieda body, oocystal and sporocystal residues (<a href="#Coudert--P--1992."><span class="Hyperlink">Coudert, 1992</span></a>). According to results, <span class="CharOverride-8">E. arloingi</span> was noted (<a href="#Figure1-"><span class="Hyperlink">Figure 1B</span></a>).</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Systematically collected tissue samples of the kid were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 48 hours for histopathologic examination. Then they were embedded in paraffin-wax, sectioned at 4-5 μm thickness and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E). At the histopathologic examination, epithelium cells of almost all layers were detected to be full with <span class="CharOverride-8">E. arloingi.</span> There were macrogamont, microgamont and oocyst stages of <span class="CharOverride-8">E. arloingi </span>in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum epithelium and mild neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration with severe plasmacyte and lymphocyte infiltration (<a href="#Figure1-"><span class="Hyperlink">Figure 1E</span></a> and <a href="#Figure1-"><span class="Hyperlink">1F</span></a>). Also, hyperemic areas were found.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-8">Eimeria arloingi </span>could result with fatal coccidiosis. <a href="#Nourani-H--Karimi-I--Azizi-H--2006-"><span class="Hyperlink">Nourani et al., (2006)</span></a> reported that nodular hyperplastic lesions were seen only in jejunum in Iranian native kid. In this report we observed that the nodular hyperplastic lesions can be seen all segments of intestine especially in jejunum and ileum. Even if the animals survived from the disease, they live as porters. Thus, coccidiosis causes economic losses throughout the global livestock industry. <a href="#Sharma-DK--Singh-NEM--1997-"><span class="Hyperlink">Sharma and Singh (1997)</span></a> reported that coccidiosis among the whole parasitic diseases has the highest mortality rate. Various studies in Turkey showed that the microscopically determined coccidiosis prevalence was 84% in Middle Anatolia, 86,3% in Ankara and Eskişehir; 100% in Ankara; 53,3% in Ege Region (İzmir, Manisa, Aydın); 94,6% in Elazığ; 69,8% in Van (<a href="#G-z-Y--Ayd-n-A--Y-ksek-N--De-er-S--2006-"><span class="Hyperlink">Göz et al., 2006</span></a>; <a href="#G-ler-S--Dumanl--N---zer-E--Erdo-mu--Z--K-ro-lu-E--1990-."><span class="Hyperlink">Gürler et al., 1990</span></a>; <a href="#G-ralp-N--O-uz-T--1967-."><span class="Hyperlink">Güralp and Oğuz, 1967</span></a>; <a href="#Merdivenci-A--1959-."><span class="Hyperlink">Merdivenci, 1959</span></a>; <a href="#Say-n-F--Kahyao-lu-T---akmak-A--1986-."><span class="Hyperlink">Sayın et al., 1986</span></a>; <a href="#Say-n-F--1996"><span class="Hyperlink">Sayın, 1996</span></a>). Another study showed that the mortality rates due to coccidiosis were 55%, 30% and 24% in Adana, Mersin and Osmaniye, respectively (<a href="#x-zdemir-R---aya-H--2012-.-A"><span class="Hyperlink">Özdemir and Çaya, 2012</span></a>). Around the globe, the prevalence of coccidiosis in goats of varying ages were found between 54-100% and in 36-91% of these cases the causing agent was determined as <span class="CharOverride-8">E. arloingi </span>(<a href="#Ameh-JA--Egwu-GO--Tijjani-AN--2000-"><span class="Hyperlink">Ameh et al., 2000</span></a>; <a href="#Balicka-Ramisz-A--Ramisz-A--Vovk-S--Snitynskyj-V--2012-"><span class="Hyperlink">Balicka-Ramiz et al., 2012</span></a>; <a href="#Cavalcantea-ACR--Teixeiraa-M--Monteiroa-JP--Lopes-CWG--2011-."><span class="Hyperlink">Cavalcante et al., 2011</span></a>; <a href="#Ibrahim-MM--2012-."><span class="Hyperlink">Ibrahim, 2012</span></a>; <a href="#Kahan-TB--Greiner-EC--2013-"><span class="Hyperlink">Kahan and Greiner, 2013</span></a>; <a href="#Padilla-MA--Baticados-WN--Desamero-JM---Lucas-SF--2009-"><span class="Hyperlink">Padilla et al., 2009</span></a>; <a href="#Silva-LMR--Vila-Vi-osa-MJM--Nunes-T--Taubert-A--Hermosilla-C--Cortes-HCE--2014-"><span class="Hyperlink">Silva et al., 2014</span></a>) One particular study reported from China showed that 83,3% of the 250 Saanen goats were positive for <span class="CharOverride-8">E. arloingi </span>(<a href="#Zhao-GH--Lei-L--Shang-C--Gao-M--Zhao-YQ--Chen-C--Chen-D--2012-"><span class="Hyperlink">Zhao et al., 2012</span></a>).</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Saanen goat is a Swiss originated high yielding dairy goat breaded throughout the world. In this case report, we pathologically and parasitologically investigated the dead of the Saanen goat kid that was brought to clinics with manifestations of lack of appetite, inertia and diarrhea. We have determined that the dead was associated with coccidiosis due to <span class="CharOverride-8">E. arloingi</span> and hence the breeder was informed. To best of our knowledge, previously there had been no reported case of Saanen goat coccidiosis due to <span class="CharOverride-8">Eimeria </span>spp. in Turkey. Around the globe economic losses due to coccidiosis in Saanen goat is not to be underestimated. In this case report, coccidiosis due to <span class="CharOverride-8">E. arloingi</span> in Saanen goat is clinically and pathologically well described. Since breeding of Saanen goat is economically a privileged breeding type, and coccidiosis may result in fatal outcome, it is of importance that the breeders should concentrate on preventative measures for protection of Saanen goats from coccidiosis.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">CONFLICT OF INTEREST</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Author declares no conflict of interest.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">REFERENCES</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			
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</html>
