<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8" />
		<title>RJVP_nexus 512</title>
		<link href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/cssfiles/RJVP_nexus 512.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
	</head>
    <style> 
.pt{
	background-color:#BDF;
	border-top-style:solid;
	
	border-top-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-top-width: 1px;
	border-bottom-style: solid;
	
	border-bottom-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-bottom-width: 1px;
	height:90px;
	}
	  
.img_display{
	float:left;
	padding:5px;
	
	}
	.img_text{ padding:10px;
		
		}
		
		.Txt_Dis{
			padding-right:20px;
			}
</style>

<body id="RJVP_nexus-512" lang="en-GB">
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Type-of-Article">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Type-of-Article"><span class="CharOverride-1">Case Report</span></p>
	</div>
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="title- ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="title- ParaOverride-1">Incidence of Ascardia Gali in Cattle Egret (Bubulcus Ibis)</p>
		</div>
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Authors ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Authors ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-3" lang="en-US">Bhupesh Kamdi*, Suresh Jadhav, Sachin Raut, Rahul Pande, Prashant Sonkusale, Nitin Kurkure </span><span class="CharOverride-3"> </span></p>
		</div>
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Affiliations">Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Seminary Hills, Nagpur–440006, Maharashtra India. </p>
		</div>
		<div>
			<p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-5">Abstract</span> | <span lang="en-US">Indian cattle egret birds of about one and half year old were presented to the department of veterinary pathology for the necropsy investigation by the forest officials of seminary hills Nagpur. Systemic necropsy examination revealed congested small intestine which had small thread like round worms. Further these worms were confirmed to be</span><span class="CharOverride-6" lang="en-US"> Ascardia galli</span><span lang="en-US"> depending on their morphological characteristics. Microscopically intestine revealed sloughing of villi and heterophilic infiltration.</span></p>
		  <p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		</div>
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Editor----Citation">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-7">Editor</span> | Muhammad Abubakar, National Veterinary Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan.</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-5">Received</span> | August 25, 2014; <span class="CharOverride-5">Revised</span> | September 17, 2014; <span class="CharOverride-5">Accepted</span> | September 19, 2014; <span class="CharOverride-5">Published</span> | November 7, 2014&#9;&#9;</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-5">*Correspondence</span> | Bhupesh Kamdi, Nagpur Veterinary College, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, India; <span class="CharOverride-5">Email: </span>bhupeshkamdi@gmail.com</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-5">Citation</span> | Kamdi B, Jadhav S,  Raut S, Pande R, Sonkusale P, Kurkure N (2015). Incidence of ascardia gali in cattle egret (bubulcus ibis). Res. J. Vet. Pract. 3 (1): 13-14.</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-7">DOI</span> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.rjvp/2015/3.1.13.14"><span class="Hyperlink">http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.rjvp/2015/3.1.13.14</span></a></p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="Editor---Citation CharOverride-5">ISSN</span> | 2308–2798</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-7">Copyright </span>© 2015 Kamdi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>
		</div>
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Caps-on-First-Para">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Caps-on-First-Para">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Caps-on-First-Para"><span class="_idGenDropcap-1">T</span>he Cattle Egret (<span class="CharOverride-6">Bubulcus ibis</span>) is a popular bird with cattle ranchers for its perceived role as a biological control of cattle parasites such as ticks and flies. It is a cosmopolitan species which belongs to family Ardeidae. They are found in the tropics, subtropics and warm temperate zones. It is the only member of themonotypic genus <span class="CharOverride-6">Bubulcus</span>. </p>
		  <p class="Caps-on-First-Para">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Normal ParaOverride-1" lang="en-US"><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB">Large populations of captive wild birds are exposed to many parasitic diseases. Particularly helminth infections are major problem causing even mortality in captive animals and birds. </span><span class="CharOverride-12" lang="en-GB">Ascardia galli</span><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB"> is the largest nematode of birds residing in the small intestine. It is the most prevalent and pathogenic parasite of domestic fowl.  Parasite infestation can observe in other species of birds also which causes anorexia, weight loss, hemorrhages in the intestinal mucosa and obstruction in intestinal lumen (</span><a href="#Permin-A--Christensen-JP--Bisgaard-M--2006-."><span class="Hyperlink CharOverride-13" lang="en-GB">Permin et al., 2006</span></a><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB">). Limited information is available about the incidence of </span><span class="CharOverride-12" lang="en-GB">Ascardia galli</span><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB"> in cattle egret from central India. Therefore present communication aims to report the incidence of </span><span class="CharOverride-12" lang="en-GB">Ascardia galli</span><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB"> in cattle egret from central India. </span></p>
		  <p class="Normal ParaOverride-1" lang="en-US">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Normal ParaOverride-1" lang="en-US"><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB">Three Indian cattle egret birds about one and half year old were presented to the department of veterinary pathology for the necropsy examination by the forest officials of seminary hills Nagpur. Systemic necropsy examination was carried out. Necropsy examination revealed congested small intestine having small thread like round worms which were collected in normal saline, washed several times in it and then preserved it in 70% alcohol for further identification. Affected portion of intestine was collected in 10% buffered formal saline solution for the histopathological investigation. Intestine where processed by routine procedure to obtain 5µm thick sections from paraffin embedded blocks and stain with hematoxaline and eosine stain (</span><a href="#Luna-AG--1968-"><span class="Hyperlink CharOverride-13" lang="en-GB">Luna, 1968</span></a><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB">).</span></p>
			<p class="Normal ParaOverride-1" lang="en-US">&nbsp;</p>
			<div class="pt" > <a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150119032828.jpg" target="new"><img class="img_display" src="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150119032828.jpg" width="80" height="80"></a>
            
            <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-5"><a id="Figure-1"></a>Fi</span><span class="CharOverride-5">gure 1:</span><a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150119032828.jpg"> Showing <span class="CharOverride-6">Ascardia galli</span> worms collected from intestine of birds </a></p>
       </div><br>

			
		  <div class="pt" > <a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150119034129.png" target="new"><img class="img_display" src="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150119034129.png" width="80" height="80"></a>
            
            <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-5"><a id="Figure-2-"></a>Figure 2:</span><a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150119034129.png"> Section of intestine showing sloughing of villli and heterophillic infiltration)</a></p>
       </div>
			
			<p class="Normal ParaOverride-1" lang="en-US">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Normal ParaOverride-1" lang="en-US"><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB"><span class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB">The round worms found during necropsy examination were confirmed as </span><span class="CharOverride-12" lang="en-GB">Ascardia galli</span><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB"> according to </span><a href="#Soulsby-EJL--1982-"><span class="Hyperlink CharOverride-13" lang="en-GB">Soulsby (1982)</span></a><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB">. All the worms were present in the small intestine had length of 80 to 95 mm. Worm had three large lips and oesophagus with no posterior bulb, precloacal sucker was circular with circular rim and spicule of the worms was sub equal (</span><a href="#Figure-1"><span class="Hyperlink CharOverride-13" lang="en-GB">Figure 1</span></a><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB">). Histopathological examination of affected portion of intes</span></span>tine revealed inflammatory reaction with heterophilic cells infiltration, sloughing of intestinal villi (</span><a href="#Figure-2-"><span class="Hyperlink CharOverride-13" lang="en-GB">Figure 2</span></a><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB">). Earlier, the Patel et al. (2000) reported prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in captive birds of Gujrat Zoo, </span><a href="#Parsani-HR--Momin-RR--Sahu-RK--Patel-BG--2003-."><span class="Hyperlink CharOverride-13" lang="en-GB">Parsani et al., (2003)</span></a><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB"> found the 71.43% prevalence of Ascardia species in captive birds at Kamla Nehru Zoological garden, Kankaria Zoo, Ahmadabad Gujarat, </span><a href="#Borghare-AT--Bagde-VP--Jaulkar-AD--Katre--DD--Jumde-P-D--Maske-DK--Bhangale-GN--2009-"><span class="Hyperlink CharOverride-13" lang="en-GB">Borghare et al. (2009)</span></a><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB"> recorded the incidence of Ascardia species upto 76.66% in captive wild pigeons at Nagpur.</span>		  </p>
		  <p class="Normal ParaOverride-1" lang="en-US">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Normal ParaOverride-1" lang="en-US"><span class="CharOverride-15" lang="en-GB">CONFLICT OF INTEREST</span></p>
		  <p class="Normal ParaOverride-1" lang="en-US">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Normal ParaOverride-1" lang="en-US"><span class="CharOverride-11" lang="en-GB">Author declares no conflict of interest.</span></p>
			<p class="Normal ParaOverride-1" lang="en-US">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">REFERENCES</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			
			  <li class="References ParaOverride-3" lang="en-US"><a id="Borghare-AT--Bagde-VP--Jaulkar-AD--Katre--DD--Jumde-P-D--Maske-DK--Bhangale-GN--2009-"></a>Borghare AT, Bagde VP, Jaulkar AD, Katre  DD, Jumde P D, Maske DK, Bhangale GN (2009). Incidence of Gastrointestinal parasitism of Captive Wild Pigeons at Nagpur. Vet. World. 2(9): 343.</li>
				<li class="References ParaOverride-3" lang="en-US"><a id="Luna-AG--1968-"></a>Luna AG (1968). Manual of histological staining methods of the Armed Forced Institute of Pathology. 3rd ed. McGraw Hill book co., London. 124 -125.</li>
				<li class="References ParaOverride-3" lang="en-US"><a id="Parsani-HR--Momin-RR--Sahu-RK--Patel-BG--2003-."></a>Parsani HR, Momin RR, Sahu RK, Patel BG (2003). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite in captive birds at Kamla Nehru Zoological garden, Kankaria Zoo, Ahmadabad Gujarat. Zoo’s Print J. 18 (1): 987-992. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.18.1.987-92"><span class="Hyperlink">http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.18.1.987-92</span></a></li>
				<li class="References ParaOverride-3" lang="en-US"><a id="Patel-PV--Patel-AI--Sahu-RK--Vyas-R--2000-.-Pr"></a>Patel PV, Patel AI, Sahu RK, Vyas R (2000). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in captive birds of Gujrat Zoo. Zoo’s Print J. 15(7): 295. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.15.7.295-6"><span class="Hyperlink">http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.15.7.295-6</span></a></li>
		  <li class="References ParaOverride-3" lang="en-US"><a id="Permin-A--Christensen-JP--Bisgaard-M--2006-."></a>Permin A, Christensen JP, Bisgaard M (2006). Consequences of concurrent <span class="CharOverride-6">Ascaridia galli</span> and <span class="CharOverride-6">Escherichia coli</span> infections in chickens. Acta vet. scand. 47(1): 43-54. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-47-43"><span class="Hyperlink">http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-47-43</span></a></li>
				<li class="References ParaOverride-3" lang="en-US"><a id="Soulsby-EJL--1982-"></a>Soulsby EJL (1982). Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. 7th Edition. ELBS and Bailliere Tindall, London.</li>
                <p>&nbsp;</p>
                <p>&nbsp;</p>
          <p>&nbsp;</p>
			
		</div>
	</body>
</html>
