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		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Type-of-Article" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Type-of-Article" lang="en-GB"><span class="CharOverride-1">Research Article</span></p>
		</div>
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="title- ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="title- ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">Prediction of Fortnightly Test-Day Milk Yields Using Four Different Lactation Curve Models in Indian Murrah Buffalo</p>
		</div>
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Authors" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Authors" lang="en-GB"><span class="CharOverride-2">Saroj Kumar Sahoo, Avtar Singh, Pushp Raj Shivahre, Manvendra Singh, Soumya Dash, Shakti Kant Dash</span></p>
		</div>
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Affiliations" lang="en-GB">Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, Haryana-13200, India.</p>
		</div>
		<div>
			<p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB"><span class="CharOverride-3">Abstract </span>| The present investigation was carried out using data on 18871 fortnightly test day milk yield (FTDMY) records during first lactation of 961 Murrah buffaloes calved during 1977-2012 maintained in an organized farm at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. The least squares means of the FTDMY ranged from 2.35kg to 7.92kg. The relative efficiency of four lactation curve models via. Gamma-type function (GF), Exponential function (EF), Mixed log function (MLF) and polynomial regression function (PRF) were compared. PRF described the highest coefficient of determination (R2) (99.78%) and with least value (0.02kg) of root mean squares error (RMSE), whereas, least coefficient of determination (93.13%) was observed in Gamma-type function having maximum (0.1kg) RMSE value suggesting PRF being best mathematical model for prediction of FTDMYs in Murrah buffaloes.</p>
			<p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB"><span class="CharOverride-3">Keywords</span> | FTDMYs, Lactation curve, Gamma-type function, Exponential function, Mixed log function, Polynomial regression function, Murrah</p>
		</div>
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Editor----Citation" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation" lang="en-GB"><span class="CharOverride-5">Editor</span> | Kuldeep Dhama, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India.</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation" lang="en-GB"><span class="CharOverride-3">Received</span> | November 24, 2014; <span class="CharOverride-3">Revised</span> | November 27, 2014; <span class="CharOverride-3">Accepted</span> | November 28, 2014; <span class="CharOverride-3">Published</span> | December 01, 2014&#9;&#9;</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation" lang="en-GB"><span class="CharOverride-3">*Correspondence</span> | Saroj Kumar Sahoo, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana-13200, India; <span class="CharOverride-3">Email:</span> saroj6804@gmail.com</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation" lang="en-GB"><span class="CharOverride-3">Citation</span> | Sahoo SK, Singh A, Shivahre PR, Singh M, Dash S, Dash SK (2014). Prediction of fortnightly test-day milk yields using four different lactation curve models in Indian Murrah Buffalo.. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2 (12): 647-651.  </p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation" lang="en-GB"><span class="CharOverride-5">DOI</span> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.aavs/2014/2.12.647.651"><span class="Hyperlink">http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.aavs/2014/2.12.647.651</span></a></p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation" lang="en-GB"><span class="Editor---Citation CharOverride-3" lang="en-US">ISSN (Online)</span> | 2307-8316; <span class="Editor---Citation CharOverride-3" lang="en-US">ISSN (Print)</span> | 2309-3331</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation" lang="en-GB"><span class="CharOverride-5">Copyright </span>© 2014 Sahoo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>
		</div>
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">INTRODUCTION</p>
			<p class="Caps-on-First-Para ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Caps-on-First-Para ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB"><span class="_idGenDropcap-1">L</span>actation curve is the graphical representation of milk yield against time (Brody et<span class="CharOverride-8"> </span>al., 1923). Dairy cattle and buffaloes with more stable lactation curve are more persistent than those which show a rapid increase in the daily milk yield from calving to peak followed by a rapid decline. Very scanty work on lactation curve has been reported in Murrah buffaloes, the best dairy buffalo breed of India. Hence, the present investigation has been proposed to fit and compare the lactation curve models for describing the shape of the lactation curve in Murrah buffaloes and prediction of fortnightly test day milk yields.</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">MATERIALS AND METHODS</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">Data of 18871 fortnightly test day milk yield (FTDMY) records during first lactation of 961 Murrah buffaloes calved during 1977-2012 at the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal were collected. The climate of the farm is subtropical in nature. The lowest temperature falls to 2°C during the winter months, whereas the highest temperature goes up to 45°C during the summer. The annual rainfall is about 760 to 960mm, out of which most of the rainfall is received during the months of July and August. The relative humidity ranges from 41% to 85%.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">A total of 21 fortnightly test day milk yield records (6<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> day, 20<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> day, 35<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> day,. . . , 305<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> day) were taken at an interval of 15days from daily milk yield recording register. The data were used to estimate lactation curve parameters of the four lactation curve models via. Gamma-type function (GF), Exponential function (EF), Mixed log function (MLF) and polynomial regression function (PRF) for developing the prediction model for estimation of fortnightly test day milk yields in Murrah buffaloes.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">1.   Gamma-type function: (Wood, 1967)   </p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">           Y<span class="CharOverride-10">t </span>= at<span class="CharOverride-9">b</span>e<span class="CharOverride-9">-ct</span></p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">In its logarithmic form, this reduces to</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">           ln (Y<span class="CharOverride-10">t</span>) = ln (a) + b ln (t) – ct</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">2.    Exponential function (Catillo, 2002)&#9;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">            Y<span class="CharOverride-10">t</span> = a+be<span class="CharOverride-9">-0.70t</span>+ct</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">3.    Mixed log function (Guo and Swalve, 1995)</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">           Y<span class="CharOverride-10">t</span>=a+bt<span class="CharOverride-9">0.5</span>+clogt			</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">In the models, Y<span class="CharOverride-10">t</span> = average daily yield in the t<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> test day of lactation; a = initial milk yield just after calving; b= ascending slope parameter up to the peak yield; c=descending slope parameter and t = length of time since calving.  </p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">4.    Polynomial regression function (Ali and Schaeffer, 1987)</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">           Y<span class="CharOverride-10">t</span>=a+bx+cx<span class="CharOverride-9">2</span>+dlog (1/x)+elog (1/x)<span class="CharOverride-9">2</span></p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">In this model, Y<span class="CharOverride-10">t</span> = Average milk yield in t<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> week of lactation, a = Associated with peak yield, b &amp; c = Associated with the decreasing slope, d &amp; e = Associated with the increasing slope, x = t /305</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">RESULTS AND DISCUSSION</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">The least squares means of the FTDMYs were calculated for adjustment of effect of non-genetic factors (season, year of calving and age at first calving groups). The average FTDMYs increases from 3.93±0.05 kg in first test day (6<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> day of lactation) to a peak yield of 7.92±0.06 kg on test day 4 (50<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> day of lactation), and subsequently declined to 2.35±0.07 kg in last test day. In accordance with the present findings, Chakraborty et al. (2010) observed the minimum least-squares means as 4.43 ± 0.09 kg on monthly test day1 (MTD 1) (6<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> day) and maximum as 8.11 ± 0.25 kg on MTD 3 (65<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> day) in Murrah buffaloes.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">Various lactation curve parameters (a, b, c, d and e) were estimated to fit into the mathematical models to obtain the prediction equation for FTDMYs (Table 1). The four lactation curve functions (Table 2) were developed after fitting the values of the lactation curve parameters for predicting FTDMYs.</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading" lang="en-GB"><span class="CharOverride-3">Table 1: </span>Estimated lactation curve parameters of different functions in Murrah buffalo</p>
			<table width="657" height="141" class="Table-Style-1 TableOverride-1" id="table-1">
				<colgroup>
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1" />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">Sl. No</span><span class="Title CharOverride-14">.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">Lactation curve functions</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="5">
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">Parameters</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-3">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">a</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">b</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">c</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">d</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">e</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">1.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">GF</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">4.52</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">0.81</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">0.14</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">-</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">-</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-4">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">2.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">EF</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">10.38</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">-12.68</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">-0.34</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">-</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">-</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">3.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">MLF</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">10.97</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">-7.22</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">8.29</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">-</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">-</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-4">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">4.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">PRF</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">2.31</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">1.61</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">-0.04</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">-4.1</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">-3.14</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB"><span class="CharOverride-3">Table 2: </span>Different lactation curve functions with parameters for prediction of FTDMY in Murrah buffaloes</p>
			<table width="657" height="158" class="Table-Style-1 TableOverride-1" id="table-2">
				<colgroup>
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-5" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-6" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-7" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-8" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-9" />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-10">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">Sl. No.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">Function</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-1"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">Parameters of function</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">R</span><span class="Title CharOverride-15">2</span><span class="Title CharOverride-13"> (%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">RMSE (kg)</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-11">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">1.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">GF</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-1"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">Y</span><span class="Title CharOverride-16">t</span><span class="Title CharOverride-14"> = 4.52*t</span><span class="Title CharOverride-17">0.81</span><span class="Title CharOverride-14">e</span><span class="Title CharOverride-17">-0.14*t</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">93.13</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">0.1</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-10">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">2.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">EF</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-1"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">Y</span><span class="Title CharOverride-16">t</span><span class="Title CharOverride-14"> = 10.38-12.68*e</span><span class="Title CharOverride-17">-0.70*t </span><span class="Title CharOverride-14">-0.34*t</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">94.35</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">0.09</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-11">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">3.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">MLF</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-1"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">Y</span><span class="Title CharOverride-16">t </span><span class="Title CharOverride-14">= 10.97-7.22*t</span><span class="Title CharOverride-17">0.5</span><span class="Title CharOverride-14">+8.29log(t)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">96.96</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">0.06</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-12">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">4.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">PRF</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">Y</span><span class="Title CharOverride-16">t</span><span class="Title CharOverride-14">= 2.31+1.61*(t/305)-0.04*(t/305)</span><span class="Title CharOverride-17">2</span><span class="Title CharOverride-14">-4.1*log(305/t)-3.14*log(305/t)</span><span class="Title CharOverride-17">2</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">99.78</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">0.02</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Normal">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Normal">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB"><span class="CharOverride-3">Table 3: </span>Predicted FTDMY and error (kg) of different lactation curve functions in Murrah buffaloes</p>
			<table width="657" class="Table-Style-1 TableOverride-1" id="table-3">
				<colgroup>
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-13" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-14" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-15" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-16" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-15" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-16" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-15" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-16" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-15" />
					<col class="_idGenTableRowColumn-16" />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-17">
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">FTDMY</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">Observed value(LS means)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">GF</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">EF</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">MLF</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">PRF</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-18">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">Predicted</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">Error</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">Predicted</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">Error</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">Predicted</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">Error</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">Predicted</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-13">Error</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-17">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 1</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.93</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.94</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.01</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.75</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.18</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.75</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.18</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.88</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.05</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-19">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 2</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.49</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.02</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.47</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.58</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.09</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.50</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.01</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.70</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.21</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-17">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 3</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.60</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.29</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.31</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.82</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.22</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.56</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.04</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.50</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.10</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-19">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 4</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.92</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">8.02</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.10</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">8.27</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.35</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">8.01</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.09</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.77</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.15</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-17">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 5</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.90</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">8.38</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.48</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">8.32</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.42</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">8.16</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.26</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.84</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.06</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-19">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 6</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.79</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">8.48</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.69</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">8.18</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.39</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">8.12</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.33</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.82</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.03</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-17">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 7</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.69</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">8.38</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.69</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.94</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.25</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.98</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.29</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.75</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.06</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-19">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 8</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.59</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">8.15</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.56</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.65</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.06</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.77</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.18</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.63</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.04</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-17">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 9</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.42</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.83</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.41</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.33</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.09</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.51</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.09</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.49</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.07</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-19">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 10</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.28</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.44</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.16</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.01</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.27</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.21</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.07</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.30</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.02</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-17">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 11</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.04</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.02</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.02</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.68</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.36</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.88</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.16</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">7.08</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.04</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-19">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 12</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.86</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.57</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.29</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.35</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.51</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.54</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.32</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.82</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.04</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-17">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 13</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.62</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.12</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.50</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.01</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.61</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.18</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.44</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.52</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.10</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-19">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 14</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.09</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">5.67</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.42</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">5.68</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.41</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">5.81</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.28</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">6.18</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.09</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-17">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 15</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">5.77</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">5.24</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.53</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">5.34</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.43</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">5.43</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.34</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">5.79</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.02</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-19">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 16</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">5.40</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">4.82</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.58</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">5.01</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.39</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">5.05</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.35</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">5.36</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.04</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-17">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 17</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">4.93</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">4.42</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.51</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">4.67</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.26</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">4.67</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.26</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">4.87</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.06</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-19">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 18</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">4.38</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">4.04</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.34</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">4.33</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.05</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">4.28</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.10</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">4.34</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.04</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-17">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 19</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.77</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.68</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.09</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">4.00</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.23</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.88</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.11</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.75</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">-0.02</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-19">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 20</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.07</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.35</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.28</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.66</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.59</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.49</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.42</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.10</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.03</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-17">
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-14">TD 21</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">2.35</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.04</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.69</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.33</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.98</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">3.10</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.75</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">2.40</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2"><span class="Title CharOverride-18">0.05</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Normal">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Normal">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Normal ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-14" lang="en-GB">The GF gave the lowest R</span><span class="CharOverride-17" lang="en-GB">2</span><span class="CharOverride-14" lang="en-GB"> value (93.13%), with thehighest RMSE value (0.1 kg). Dimauro et al</span><span class="CharOverride-20" lang="en-GB">.</span><span class="CharOverride-14" lang="en-GB"> (2005)reported similar R</span><span class="CharOverride-17" lang="en-GB">2</span><span class="CharOverride-14" lang="en-GB"> value (93.7%) in Italian water buffaloes using this function, whereas an R</span><span class="CharOverride-17" lang="en-GB">2</span><span class="CharOverride-14" lang="en-GB"> value of 96% has been reported by Kumar and Bhat (1979) and Aziz et al. (2006) in Indian buffaloes and Egyptian buffaloes, respectively. The EF gave a higher R</span><span class="CharOverride-17" lang="en-GB">2</span><span class="CharOverride-14" lang="en-GB"> value (94.35%) with a comparatively lower RMSE value (0.09 kg). Similar R</span><span class="CharOverride-17" lang="en-GB">2</span><span class="CharOverride-14" lang="en-GB"> value (94.4%) was also reported in Italian water buffaloes (Dimauro et al., 2005). The R</span><span class="CharOverride-17" lang="en-GB">2 </span><span class="CharOverride-14" lang="en-GB">and RMSE values from MLF were still better i.e. 96.96% and 0.06 kg, respectively. In accordance with this finding, an R</span><span class="CharOverride-17" lang="en-GB">2</span><span class="CharOverride-14" lang="en-GB"> value of 96.7% was reported by Kumar (2007) in Murrah buffalo. The PRF gave the highest R</span><span class="CharOverride-17" lang="en-GB">2</span><span class="CharOverride-14" lang="en-GB"> value (99.78%) and the lowest RMSE value (0.02 kg) for Murrah buffaloes in the present study. In Italian water buffaloes, Dimauro et al. (2005) reported R</span><span class="CharOverride-17" lang="en-GB">2</span><span class="CharOverride-14" lang="en-GB">-value of 96.7% using this function.</span></p>
		  <p class="Normal ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">PRF which explained highest coefficient of determination value with lowest root mean squares error predicted the peak fortnightly test day milk yield to be 7.84 kg in the 5<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> test day of lactation. EF and MLF also predicted the peak yield as 8.32 kg and 8.16 kg in 5<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> test day of lactation, respectively. However, by GF the peak yield was found to be 8.48 kg in 6<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> test day of lactation. In Italian water buffaloes using GF, EF and PRF, Dimauro et al. (2005) reported peak yield of 10.9kg, 11.3kg and 11.5kg in 33<span class="CharOverride-9">rd</span>, 26<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> and 29<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> day of lactation, respectively. The predicted and actual fortnightly test day milk yield records of different functions have been presented in table 3.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text" lang="en-GB">The overall observed and predicted FTDMYs for all 4 lactation curve functions were plotted graphically (Figure 1). The closeness of PRF was almost of simi<span class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">lar order of magnitude as the observed one. This may be due to the fact that this function accounted for rising and declining segments of the lactation curve.</span></p>
		  <p class="Body-Text" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
           
           <div class="pt" > <a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150108175051.png" target="new"><img class="img_display" src="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150108175051.png" width="80" height="80"></a>
<p class="Txt_Dis" ><span><b><a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150108175051.png" target="new">Figure 1: </a></b><a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150108175051.png><span>Actual and predicted FTDMYs from various lactation curve functions in Murrah buffaloes</a></p>
          </div>
          
          
			
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB"><span class="CharOverride-3">&#9;</span></p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">Conclusions</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">In the present investigation it was found that on an average, the peak yield from all lactation curves functions was found to be highest around 65<span class="CharOverride-9">th</span> day of lactation in Murrah buffaloes. PRF is the best function among four models studied followed by mixed log function explaining highest coefficient of determination with lowest root mean square error and therefore these two functions are recommended for prediction of FTDMYs in Murrah buffaloes.</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">Acknowledgements</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">We sincerely thank the Director, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal and Head, Dairy Cattle Breeding Division for providing necessary facilities for conducting this study. Financial support in form of DST-INSPIRE fellowship (Govt. of India) is duly acknowledged. </p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">Conflict of Interest</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">References</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----" lang="en-GB">&nbsp;</p>
			
			  <li class="References ParaOverride-3">Ali TE, Schaeffer LR (1987). Accounting for covariances among test day milk yields in dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 67(3): 637-644. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-067"><span class="Hyperlink">http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-067</span></a></li>
              <p>&nbsp;</p>
				<li class="References ParaOverride-3">Aziz MA, Shalaby NA, El-Shafie OM, Mahdy AT, Nishida A (2006). Comparison between the shapes of lactation curve of Egyptian buffalo milk yield estimated by the incomplete gamma function and a new model. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 18(5): Article # 59.</li>
                <p>&nbsp;</p>
				<li class="References ParaOverride-3">Brody S, Ragsdale AC, Turner CW (1923). The rate of decline of milk secretion with the advance of the period of lactation. J. Gen. Physiol. 5(4): 441-444. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.5.4.441"><span class="Hyperlink">http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.5.4.441</span></a></li>
                <p>&nbsp;</p>
				<li class="References ParaOverride-3">Catillo G, Macciotta NPP, Carretta A, Cappio Borlino A (2002). Effects of age and calving eeason on lactation curves of milk production traits in Italian water buffaloes. J. Dairy Sci. 85 (5):1298-1306. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74194-5"><span class="Hyperlink">http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74194-5</span></a></li>
                <p>&nbsp;</p>
				<li class="References ParaOverride-3">Chakraborty D, Dhaka SS, Pander BL, Yadav AS, Singh S, Malik PK (2010). Prediction of lactation milk yield from test day records in Murrah buffaloes. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 80(3): 244-245.</li>
                <p>&nbsp;</p>
				<li class="References ParaOverride-3">Dimauro C, Catillo G, Bacciu N, Macciotta NPP (2005). Fit of different linear models to the lactation curve of Italian water buffalo. Ital. J. Anim. Sci.4(2): 22-24.</li>
                <p>&nbsp;</p>
				<li class="References ParaOverride-3">Guo Z, Swalve HH (1995). Modelling of the lactation curve as a sub-model in the evaluation of test day records. Proc. Interbull Mtg. Prague, Uppsala, Interbull Bull. No. 11.</li>
                <p>&nbsp;</p>
				<li class="References ParaOverride-3">Kumar R, Bhat PN (1979). Lactation curves in Indian buffaloes. Indian J. Dairy Sci. 32(2): 156-160.</li>
                <p>&nbsp;</p>
				<li class="References ParaOverride-3">Kumar S (2007). A comparative study of lactation curve models for prediction of lactation milk yield in Murrah buffaloes. M.V.Sc. Thesis, NDRI, (Deemed University), Karnal, India.</li>
                <p>&nbsp;</p>
				<li class="References ParaOverride-3">Wood PDP (1967). Algebraic model of lactation curve in cattle. Nature. 216(5111): 164-165. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/216164a0"><span class="Hyperlink">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/216164a0</span></a></li>
                <p>&nbsp;</p>
                <p>&nbsp;</p>
                <p>&nbsp;</p>
			
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