<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Research Article</title>

<style>
.Page_1{
	
	<!--margin-left:200px; -->
	<!--margin-right:200px; -->
	
	border:1px;
	border-color:#d3d1d1;

	font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
	font-size:14px;
	line-height:25px;
	color:#000;
	
	
	
	
	
		<!--min-width:460px; -->
	
	height:100%;
	background-color:#FFF;
	padding-left:5px;
	padding-right:5px;
	
	text-align:justify;



		}
	
	
	
.Hdr1{
	color:#004F4F;
	margin-top:30px;
	margin-bottom:0px;
	
	padding-left:5px;
	padding-right:5px;
	padding-bottom:0px;

			
	  }
.Hdr2{
	text-align:center;
	margin-top:0px;
	margin-bottom:0px;
	color:#002E5B;
	padding-bottom:1px;
	padding-top:1px;
	padding-left:5px;
	padding-right:5px;
		

	}
	
.Mrgn_Top {
	margin-top: 0px;
}
.Author{color:#002E5B; 
text-align:center;}
.inner{
<!--	border: 1px solid #d3d1d1;
	border-radius: 5px;
 -->	padding-left:10px;
	padding-right:10px;
	}
.Hdr30 {
	color:#990000;
	margin-bottom:2px;
	border-bottom-style: solid;
	border-bottom-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-bottom-width: 1px;
	padding:10px;
	background-color:#FFF;

}
.Hdr3{
	color:#002E5B;
padding: 0 0 7px;
margin: 1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
font-size: 1.4em;
border-bottom: 1px solid #d3d1d1;

padding-left:5px;
	padding-right:5px;

}



p {
	padding-left:5px;
	padding-right:5px;
    margin-top:2px;
	margin-bottom:2px;
  <!-- border-bottom-style: solid;
	border-bottom-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-bottom-width: 1px; -->
   }
.p3{margin-top:1px;
margin-bottom:2px;
text-align:center;
margin-bottom:1px;
	<!--border-bottom-style: solid;
	border-bottom-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-bottom-width: 1px;
 -->	}

.p2 {
	
	margin-bottom:10px;
	line-height:1.4em;
	}
	ol{
	padding-left:60px;
	padding-right:30px;		
		}
		
		.p4{
	border-bottom-style: solid;
	border-bottom-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-bottom-width: 1px;
	padding-left:60px;
	padding-right:60px;
	
}
.p5{
	border-bottom-style: solid;
	border-bottom-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-bottom-width: 1px;

	}
	#ColorID {
		padding-top:5px;
		padding-bottom:5px;
		color:#002E5B;
		}
.pt{
	background-color:#BDF;
	border-top-style:solid;
	
	border-top-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-top-width: 1px;
	border-bottom-style: solid;
	
	border-bottom-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-bottom-width: 1px;
	height:90px;
	
	
	}
	
	
.img_display{
	float:left;
	padding:5px;
	
	}
	.img_text{ padding:10px;
		
		}
		
		.Txt_Dis{
			padding-right:20px;
			}
</style>


</head>

<body class="Page_1">

<div class="p5">
<p>
<h1 class="Hdr1">

Research Article


</h1>

The Journal of Advances in Parasitology 1 (2): 24 – 26


</p>


</div>


<div>
<h2 class="Hdr2">

Prevalence of Haemoproteus Sp in Domestic Pigeon at Chittagong and Khulna District in Bangladesh 

</h2>

<p class="p3">



 

<strong>Muhammad Shafiqul Islam1*</strong><span><sup>1*</sup></span>, 

<strong>Muhammad Abdul Alim</strong><span><sup>1</sup></span>, 

<strong>Shubhagata Das</strong><span><sup>1</sup></span>, 

<strong>Kazal Krishna Ghosh</strong><span><sup>2</sup></span>, 

<strong>Shahnaj Pervin</strong><span><sup>1</sup></span>

<strong>Afroza Lipi</strong><span><sup>1</sup></span>

<strong>AMAM  Zonaed Siddiki</strong><span><sup>1</sup></span>

<strong>Muhammad Masuduzzaman</strong><span><sup>1</sup></span>

<strong>Shahnaj Pervin</strong><span><sup>1</sup></span>

<strong>Muhammad Alamgir Hossain</strong><span><sup>1</sup></span>

</p>


</div>


<div class="p4">

<ol>

<li>Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong–4225</li>

<li>Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong–4225</li>

</ol>

</div><div>        
  <p><span class="Author">*Corresponding author: si.mamun@ymail.com</span></p>

</div>
<div id="ColorID"><p>
<span><b>ARTICLE CITATION:</b></span> 

Islam MS, Alim MA, Das S,  Ghosh KK, Pervin S, Lipi A,  Siddiki AZ , Masuduzzaman M, Hossain MA (2014). Prevalence of haemoproteus sp in domestic pigeon at Chittagong and Khulna district in Bangladesh. J. Adv. Parasitol. 1 (2): 24 – 26.


<br>
<span><b>Received: </b></span>2014–02–04, <span><b>Revised: </b></span>2014–04–14, <span><b>Accepted: </b></span>2014–04–23<br>

The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at 

(<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.jap/2014/1.2.24.26">http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.jap/2014/1.2.24.26</a>)
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited </p>
</div>

<div>
     <h3 class="Hdr3">Abstract</h3>

    <p>
A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Haemoproteus sp in domestic pigeon at Chittagong and Khulna district in Bangladesh. A total of 213 blood samples were collected from six different locations in Chittagong (Foy’s lake, Bibrhat, Zhaotola) and Khulna district (Banorgati, Sheikhpara, Goborchaka). Blood smears were stained with geimsa and examined under microscope using immersion oil. Mature and immature stages of Haemoproteus   gametocytes were found in 43.63% and 58.25% in Chittagong and Khulna respectively. The prevalence was almost similar in the areas of Khulna district (55.55 – 62.86%), whereas, a fluctuation observed in Chittagong district from 33.33 to 59.52%. Finally, we recommended further extensive studies by molecular characterization which will help to make a parasitic lineage. 
    </p>
 
</div>
<h3 class="Hdr3">INTRODUCTION</h3>
    <p>
    
    
   Pigeons are used as pets, cultural and religious symbols. They also have value as a source of food, hobby and experimental purposes (Sari et al., 2008). Pigeons are affected with several health problems, whereas parasite infections play a major role. Parasitic infection can lead to retarded growth, low egg production and susceptibility to other infections in birds (Dranzoa, 1999).
However, parasitic protozoa Haemoproteus sp are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions (Adriano and Cordeiro, 2001). In a taxonomic review of the haemoproteids parasites of columbids, only H. columbae and H. sacharoyi are valid species (Bennett and Peirce, 1990). Among  which H. columbae infects most commonly in pigeon and doves and are transmitted by blood–sucking louse fly Pseudolynchia canariensis, which is a proven vector of H. columbae (Bennett et al., 1993). Based on the morphological features of the blood stages over 140 species of avian Haemoproteus have been described (Bishop and Bennett, 1992). Some of which are responsible for severe pathology in birds and in pigeons only cause’s disease in stressed condition (Zinkl, 1986). Many recent studies have been recorded on avian blood parasites in different areas of the world (Bensch et al., 2000; Ricklefs et al., 2005). Based on microscopic examination the prevalence of Haemoproteus sp was recorded 20% in Mymensingh district in Bangladesh (Dey et al., 2010). However, there is no study regarding Haemoproteus sp infection in Chittagong and Khulna region, that’s why, the present study was performed to detect the Haeomoproteus sp and address the pigeon farmers about its amplitude.
 </p>
  
</div>


<div>
<h3 class="Hdr3">MATERIALS AND METHODS</h3>
<p>
<b><i>Study Area</i></b>
</p>
<p>
The study was carried out from April 2012 to may 2013 involving randomly selected 110 and 103 domestic pigeons (Columba livia)  from different location at Chittagong (Bibirhat, Foy’s lake and Zhaotola) and Khulna (Sheikhpara, Shib bari and   Gobor chaka) respectively
 </p>








</body>
</html>
