<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Research Article</title>

<style>
.Page_1{
	
	<!--margin-left:200px; -->
	<!--margin-right:200px; -->
	
	border:1px;
	border-color:#d3d1d1;

	font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
	font-size:14px;
	line-height:25px;
	color:#000;
	
	
	
	
	
		<!--min-width:460px; -->
	
	height:100%;
	background-color:#FFF;
	padding-left:5px;
	padding-right:5px;
	
	text-align:justify;



		}
	
	
	
.Hdr1{
	color:#004F4F;
	margin-top:30px;
	margin-bottom:0px;
	
	padding-left:5px;
	padding-right:5px;
	padding-bottom:0px;

			
	  }
.Hdr2{
	text-align:center;
	margin-top:0px;
	margin-bottom:0px;
	color:#002E5B;
	padding-bottom:1px;
	padding-top:1px;
	padding-left:5px;
	padding-right:5px;
		

	}
	
.Mrgn_Top {
	margin-top: 0px;
}
.Author{color:#002E5B; 
text-align:center;}
.inner{
<!--	border: 1px solid #d3d1d1;
	border-radius: 5px;
 -->	padding-left:10px;
	padding-right:10px;
	}
.Hdr30 {
	color:#990000;
	margin-bottom:2px;
	border-bottom-style: solid;
	border-bottom-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-bottom-width: 1px;
	padding:10px;
	background-color:#FFF;

}
.Hdr3{
	color:#002E5B;
padding: 0 0 7px;
margin: 1.5em 0 0.5em 0;
font-size: 1.4em;
border-bottom: 1px solid #d3d1d1;

padding-left:5px;
	padding-right:5px;

}



p {
	padding-left:5px;
	padding-right:5px;
    margin-top:2px;
	margin-bottom:2px;
  <!-- border-bottom-style: solid;
	border-bottom-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-bottom-width: 1px; -->
   }
.p3{margin-top:1px;
margin-bottom:2px;
text-align:center;
margin-bottom:1px;
	<!--border-bottom-style: solid;
	border-bottom-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-bottom-width: 1px;
 -->	}

.p2 {
	
	margin-bottom:10px;
	line-height:1.4em;
	}
	ol{
	padding-left:60px;
	padding-right:30px;		
		}
		
		.p4{
	border-bottom-style: solid;
	border-bottom-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-bottom-width: 1px;
	padding-left:60px;
	padding-right:60px;
	
}
.p5{
	border-bottom-style: solid;
	border-bottom-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-bottom-width: 1px;

	}
	#ColorID {
		padding-top:5px;
		padding-bottom:5px;
		color:#002E5B;
		}
.pt{
	background-color:#BDF;
	border-top-style:solid;
	
	border-top-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-top-width: 1px;
	border-bottom-style: solid;
	
	border-bottom-color:#d3d1d1;
	border-bottom-width: 1px;
	height:90px;
	
	
	}
	
	
.img_display{
	float:left;
	padding:5px;
	
	}
	.img_text{ padding:10px;
		
		}
		
		.Txt_Dis{
			padding-right:20px;
			}
</style>


</head>

<body class="Page_1">

<div class="p5">
<p>
<h1 class="Hdr1">

Short Communication </h1>

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 2 (1S): 23 – 25<br>
Special Issue – 1 (Infectious Diseases of Animals and Global Health)



</p>


</div>


<div>
<h2 class="Hdr2">


Co–incidence of Bovine Johne’s disease and Bovine Brucellosis in Young Bulls of Murrah Breed in their Native Tract (Rohtak, Haryana, India) 

</h2>

<p class="p3">

*Corresponding author: shoorvir.singh@gmail.com; shoorvir_singh@rediffmail.com


<strong>Shoor Vir Singh</strong><span><sup>1*</sup></span>, 

<strong>Ram Kishore Yadav</strong><span><sup>2</sup></span>, 

<strong>Vivek Kumar Gupta</strong><span><sup>1</sup></span>, 

<strong>Saurabh Gupta</strong><span><sup>1</sup></span>, 

<strong>Kundan Kumar Chaubey</strong><span><sup>1</sup></span>, 

<strong>Narottam Das Agarwal</strong><span><sup>1</sup></span>,   

<strong>Naveen Kumar</strong><span><sup>1</sup></span>  



</p>


</div>

<div class="p4">

<ol>

<li>Microbiology Laboratory, Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, PO –Farah, Mathura, 281 122, Uttar Pradesh, India</li>

<li>Chief Veterinary Officer, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India</li>


</ol>

</div><div>        
  <p><span class="Author">*Corresponding author: shoorvir.singh@gmail.com; shoorvir_singh@rediffmail.com</span></p>

</div>
<div id="ColorID"><p>
<span><b>ARTICLE CITATION:</b></span> 

Singh SV, Yadav RK, Gupta VK, Gupta S, Chaubey KK, Agarwal ND and Kumar N (2014). Co–incidence of bovine Johne’s disease and bovine brucellosis in young bulls of murrah breed in their native tract (Rohtak, Haryana, India). Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2 (1S): 23 – 25.
<br>
<span><b>Received: </b></span>2014–02–04, <span><b>Revised: </b></span>2014–02–26, <span><b>Accepted: </b></span>2014–02–27<br>

The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at 

(<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.aavs/2014/2.1s.23.25">

http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.aavs/2014/2.1s.23.25 

</a>)
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited </p>
</div>

<div>
     <h3 class="Hdr3">ABSTRACT</h3>

    <p>
Department of Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh sampled 25 young male buffaloes (Murrah breed) marked for purchase from different farmers in their native tract (Rohtak district of Haryana). Sero–incidence of Bovine Johne’s disease (BJD) and Bovine Brucellosis (BBr) was estimated using ‘Indigenous ELISA kit‘ and Serum agglutination test, respectively. Of the 25 young Murrah bulls screened, 14 (56.0%) and 1 (4.0%) were positive for BJD and BBr, respectively. Sero–incidence of BJD was higher in young bulls of Murrah breed in their native tract.
  </p>
 
</div>




<div>
  
  <h3 class="Hdr3"></h3>
    <p>
    
    Buffalo population in India has shown rising trend in last 5 decades due to its value for milk and meat. Presently, Indian buffalo population is 115.4 million (<a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#FAO (2013)" target="_self">FAO, 2013</a>). Of the 12 breeds of buffaloes in India, Murrah is the best breed for milk production in the country and is native of Rohtak and Jind districts of Haryana state of India. Animal Husbandry Department of Uttar Pradesh (UP) state has several programmes for upgrading of local low yielding buffaloes population with Murrah breed. Therefore, it is essential to screen the males of breeding age in the native tract for chronic infections (Bovine Johne’s Disease or BJD and Bovine brucellosis or BBr). Johne’s disease (JD) is important infectious disease of ruminants causing granulomatous enteritis and reduced productivity. JD is world–wide in distribution (<a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Singh 2008" target="_self">Singh et al., 2008</a>; <a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Singh 2011" target="_self">Singh et al., 2011</a>; <a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Chiodini 1986" target="_self">Chiodini et al., 2012</a>; <a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Singh 2013" target="_self">Singh et al., 2013</a>). Brucellosis is major cause of reduced fertility, sub–fertility / infertility in large ruminants and about 18–40% reach abattoir mostly due to infertility (<a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Sharma 1993" target="_self">Sharma et al., 1993</a>). Both of these chronic infections have also serious zoonotic concerns. There is continuous sale and purchase of young Murrah buffaloes (males and females) from native tract to develop either new dairy herds or up–grade existing herds in Northern regions of the country. In buffaloes, Murrah is the most preferred breed and usually it is males which are purchased from different government schemes for up–gradation of the local low producing animals. Present study aimed to estimate the status of the two important infections (BJD and BBr), in prospective males, of best Indian dairy breed of buffaloes (Murrah) in its native tract.<br>

Twenty five young (2–2.5 years old) male buffaloes (prospective bulls) of Murrah breed were marked for purchase from individual farmers in the Rohtak district of Haryana for distribution to government dairy farms of Uttar Pradesh (UP) by the Department of Animal Husbandry, UP. 


 </p>
  
</div>


<div class="pt" > <a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/imagesfiles/Table1_313.png" target="new"><img class="img_display" src="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/imagesfiles/Table1_313.png" width="80" height="80"></a>
<p class="Txt_Dis" ><span><b><a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/imagesfiles/Table1_313.png" target="new">Table 1: </a></b><a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/imagesfiles/Table1_313.png"><span>Screening of young males of Murrah breed of buffaloes using Indigenous ELISA kit</a></p>

</div>



<div class="pt" > <a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/imagesfiles/Table2_313.png" target="new"><img class="img_display" src="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/imagesfiles/Table2_313.png" width="80" height="80"></a>
<p class="Txt_Dis" ><span><b><a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/imagesfiles/Table2_313.png" target="new">Table 2: </a></b><a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/imagesfiles/Table2_313.png"><span>Comparative incidence of Bovine Johne’s disease and Bovine Brucellosis in young male of Murrah breed of buffaloes using Indigenous ELISA and Serum Agglutination tests</a></p>

</div>


<div><p>
Serum samples were collected from 25 bulls were screened for Bovine Johne’s disease (BJD) and Bovine Brucellosis (BBr) using Indigenous ELISA (i–ELISA) kit and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT), respectively. i–ELISA kit was initially developed for screening of goats (<a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Singh 2007a" target="_self">Singh et al., 2007a</a>) and has been standardized for screening of buffaloes (<a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Yadav2008" target="_self">Yadav et al., 2008</a>; <a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Singh 2007b" target="_self">Singh et al., 2007b</a>). Soluble protoplasmic antigen (PPA) was prepared from native ‘Indian bison type’ genotype of MAP strain ‘S 5’ isolated from a terminal case of Johne’s disease in a goat (<a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Sevilla 2005" target="_self">Sevilla et al., 2005</a>). Culture positive and negative cattle were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Optical densities (OD) were transformed to S/P ratios and bulls were categorized as negative (0.00–0.09), suspect (0.10–0.24), low positive (0.25–0.39), positive (0.40–0.99) and strong positive (1.0–10.00) for status of JD (<a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Collins 2002" target="_self">Collins, 2002</a>). Samples in strong positive and positive categories were considered as positive for MAP infection.

For the estimation of Bovine Brucellosis serum samples were tested by Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) following procedure of <a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Alton 1988" target="_self">Alton and colleagues (1988)</a>. Brucella abortus (Brew 2/85–86) plain antigen used was supplied by the Biological Products Division of the Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP. Agglutination titres of 1:40 and above were considered as positive and 1:20 as doubtful. <br>
Of the 25 serum samples, 14 (56%) and 1 (4%) were positive for MAP infection and Brucellosis, respectively (Table 1, 2). Of 14 positive samples in i–ELISA for JD, 12 (48.0%) and 2 (8.0%) were in the positive and strong positive categories, respectively (Table 1, 2). 
<br>
Bovine Johne’s disease and Bovine Brucellosis are two important infectious diseases of ruminants. The twin infections  besides causing economic losses, have zoonotic and public health significance by inviting trade restrictions. BJD is primary cause of weakness, low productivity and emaciation whereas Brucellosis causes reproductive failure (abortions). In this study, incidence of BJD and bovine brucellosis were 56.0% and 4.0%, respectively. Earlier studies reported 6.0 to 85.2% prevalence of BJD in different parts of India using different tests (<a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Sharma 2008" target="_self">Sharma et al., 2008</a>; <a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Mishra 2009" target="_self">Mishra et al., 2009</a>). Using sensitive ELISA, IFN–γ and PCR tests, studies have reported high to very high prevalence of BJD in buffaloes of the country, despite high slaughter rate as compared to cows (<a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Sivakumar 2006" target="_self">Sivakumar et al., 2006</a>; <a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Vinodh 2010" target="_self">Vinodh Kumar et al., 2010</a>; <a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Kaur 2011" target="_self">Kaur et al., 2011</a>). Previous studies in Gujrat, Andhra Pradesh, UP and Punjab have also reported lower sero–prevalence of brucellosis (<a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Trangadia 2012" target="_self">Trangadia et al., 2012</a>, <a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Renukaradhya 2002" target="_self">Renukaradhya et al., 2002</a>, <a href="http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/230/html/#Singh 1998" target="_self">Singh et al., 1998</a>). <br>
Study showed that it is important to screen males and females of Murrah breed of buffaloes for the diagnosis of MAP and Brucella infections in animals before introduction into new herds. High incidence of MAP infection in the young males of Murrah buffaloes in the native tract calls for immediate steps to control BJD in the country. Though incidence of Bovine Brucellosis was low, however, being major zoonosis calls for immediate measures for control. 


</p></div>

<div>
<h3 class="Hdr3">CONFLICT OF INTEREST</h3>
<p>

No conflict of interest to declare.

</p>

</div>

<div>
<h3 class="Hdr3">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</h3>
<p>


Authors are thankful to the Director, CIRG for providing the necessary facilities for this work.


</p>

</div>

<div>
<h3 class="Hdr3">REFERENCES</h3>
 
<p class="p2"> <a name="Alton 1988"></a>

 Alton GG, Jones LM, Angus RD and Verger JM (1988). Technique for the Brucellosis Laboratory, (INRA, Paris).                                                                                                                                         
</p><p class="p2"> <a name="Bapat 1985"></a>Bapat JA and Bangi M (1985). Tuberculosis and Johne's disease amongst cattle and buffaloes in Maharashtra State. Indian. J. Anim. Sci. 55: 1022–1023.                                                                                                                                         </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Chiodini 1986"></a>Chiodini RJ and HJ van Kruiningen 1986. The prevalence of paratuberculosis in culled New England cattle. Cornell Vet. 76(1): 91–104.<br />PMid:3940749                                                                                                                                             </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Collins 2002"></a>Collins MT (2002). Interpretation of a commercial bovine paratuberculosis enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay by using likelihood ratios. Clin. Diag. Lab. Immunol. 9: 1367–71.<br />PMid:12414776    PMCid:PMC130105                                                                                                                                         </p><p class="p2"> <a name="FAO (2013)"></a>FAO (2013). FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.                                                                                                                                         </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Kaur 2011"></a>Kaur P, Filia G, Singh SV, Patil PK, Ravi Kumar GVPPS and Sandhu KS (2011). Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis:  IS900 PCR identification and IS1311 polymorphism analysis from ruminants in the Punjab region of India. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 34(2): 163–169.<br /><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2010.09.002" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2010.09.002</a><br />PMid:21071087                                                                                                                                             </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Mishra 2009"></a>Mishra P, Singh SV, Bhatiya AK, Singh PK, Singh AV and Sohal JS (2009). Prevalence of Bovine Johne's Disease (BJD) and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis genotypes in dairy cattle herds of Mathura district. Indian J. Comp. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. Dis. 30(1): 23–25.                                                                                                                                         </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Renukaradhya 2002"></a>Renukaradhya GJ, Isloor S and Rajasekhar M (2002). Epidemiology, zoonotic aspects, vaccination and control/eradication of brucellosis in India. Vet. Microbiol. 90: 183–195.<br /><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00253-5" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00253-5</a>                                                                                                                                         </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Sevilla 2005"></a>Sevilla I, Singh SV, Garrido JM, Aduriz G, Rodriguez S and Geijo MV (2005). Molecular typing of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strains from different hosts and regions. Rev. Sci. Tech. 24: 1061–6.<br />PMid:16642774                                                                                                                                             </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Sharma 2008"></a>Sharma G, Singh SV, Sevilla I, Singh AV, Whittington RJ, Juste RA, Kumar S, Gupta VK, Singh PK, Sohal JS and Vihan VS (2008). Evaluation of indigenous milk ELISA with m–culture and m–PCR for the diagnosis of bovine Johne's disease (BJD) in lactating Indian dairy cattle. Res. Vet. Sci. 84(1): 30–7.<br /><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.03.014" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.03.014</a><br />PMid:17544046                                                                                                                                             </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Sharma 1993"></a>Sharma VK, Gupta RC, Mishra SK, Khurana NK and Khar SK (1993). An abattoir study of lesions in buffalo genitalia. Indian Vet. J. 70: 1165–1167.                                                                                                                                         </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Singh 2013"></a>Singh SV, Kumar N, Chaubey KK, Gupta S and Rawat KD (2013). Bio–presence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in Indian livestock farms. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci. 3(11): 401–406.                                                                                                                                         </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Singh 2007b"></a>Singh SV, Singh AV, Shukla N, Singh PK, Sohal JS, Gupta VK and Vihan VS (2007b). Sero–prevalence of Johne's disease in prospective young bulls of Hariana breed by indigenous ELISA kit, using protoplasmic antigen from 'Bison type' genotype of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis of goat origin. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 77(8): 659–662.                                                                                                                                         </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Singh 2007a"></a>Singh SV, Singh AV, Singh PK, Gupta VK, Kumar S, Vohra J (2007a). Sero–prevalence of paratuberculosis in young kids using 'Bison type', Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigen in plate ELISA. Small Rumin. Res. 70: 89–92.<br /><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.11.019" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.11.019</a>                                                                                                                                         </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Singh 2011"></a>Singh SV, Singh AV, Singh PK, Singh B, Ranjendran AS and Swain N (2011). Recovery of Indian Bison Type Genotype of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from Wild Bison (Bos gourus) in India. Vet. Res. 4(3): 61–65.                                                                                                                                         </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Singh 2008"></a>Singh SV, Singh AV, Singh R, Sharma S, Shukla N, Misra S, Singh PK, Sohal JS, Kumar H, Patil PK, Misra P and Sandhu KS (2008). Sero–prevalence of Bovine Johne's disease in buffaloes and cattle population of North India using indigenous ELISA kit based on native Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis 'Bison type' genotype of goat origin.  Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 31: 419–433.<br /><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2007.06.002" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2007.06.002</a><br />PMid:17854892                                                                                                                                             </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Singh 1998"></a>Singh SV, Singh N, Gupta VK, Shankar H, Vihan VS, Gupta VK and Tiwari HA (1998). Sero–prevalence of brucellosis in a few important Indian goat breeds. Small Rumin. Res. 30: 93–98.<br /><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(98)00094-7" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(98)00094-7</a>                                                                                                                                         </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Sivakumar 2006"></a>Sivakumar P, Tripathi BN, Singh N and Sharma AK (2006). Pathology of Naturally Occurring Paratuberculosis in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Vet. Pathol. 43: 455–462.<br /><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.43-4-455" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.43-4-455</a><br />PMid:16846987                                                                                                                                             </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Trangadia 2012"></a>Trangadia BJ, Rana SK, Nagmani K and Srinivasan VA (2012). Serological Investigation of Bovine Brucellosis, Johne's Disease and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in Two States of India. J. Advanced Vet. Res. 2: 38–41.                                                                                                                                         </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Vinodh 2011"></a>Vinodh Kumar OR and Ganesan PI (2011). Status of Bovine Paratuberculosis in Organized Farms of Tamil Nadu. Indian Vet. J. 88(11): 90–91.                                                                                                                                         </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Vinodh 2010"></a>Vinodh Kumar OR, Gunaseelan L, Vijaya Rani K and Ronald BSM (2010). A preliminary study on usefulness of ELISA and gamma interferon assay in buffalo and white cattle paratuberculosis diagnosis. Buffalo Bulletin. 29(4): 299–303.                                                                                                                                         </p><p class="p2"> <a name="Yadav2008"></a>Yadav D, Singh SV, Singh AV, Sevilla I, Juste RA, Singh PK and Sohal JS (2008). Pathogenic 'Bison–type' Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis genotype characterized from riverrine buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in North India. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 31: 373–387.<br /><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2007.06.007" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2007.06.007</a><br />PMid:17804069    


</p>

 
 
 
 
 
</div>



</body>
</html>
