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			<p class="title- ParaOverride-1">Nutritional Evaluation of Selenium-methionine Nanocomposite as a Novel Dietary Supplement for Laying Hens</p>
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			<p class="Authors ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Authors ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-2">Taher Ahmad Salah Eldin</span><span class="CharOverride-3">1</span><span class="CharOverride-2">, Gamal Ali Abdel-Hafez Hamady</span><span class="CharOverride-3">2</span><span class="CharOverride-2">, Mamdouh Abbas Abdel-Moneim</span><span class="CharOverride-3">3</span><span class="CharOverride-2">, Khaled Yehia Farroh</span><span class="CharOverride-3">1</span><span class="CharOverride-2">, Wael Helmy Moussa El-Reffaei</span><span class="CharOverride-3">3</span></p>
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			<p class="Affiliations ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-5">1</span>Nanotechnology &amp; Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; <span class="CharOverride-5">2</span>Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt; <span class="CharOverride-5">3</span>Regional Centre for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.</p>
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			<p class="Abstract">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Abstract"><span class="CharOverride-6">Abstract</span> | The auspicious potential of nanotechnology is to fabricate and adopt nanoscale approaches for nutritional problems, at the scale of <span class="CharOverride-7">∼</span>1–100 nm. The present study evaluates the effects of selenium-methionine nanocomposite (Nano Se-Met) levels as a novel selenium supplement compared to organic selenium-enriched yeast (SY) and sodium selenite (SS) on laying hens’ performance, egg quality, egg selenium concentrations, fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid contents of whole egg. One hundred and five Lohmann&#160;laying hens of 22 weeks old were randomly assigned to seven groups of three replicates. The control group was fed a basal diet with 0.3 mg/Kg SS and the other six groups were fed basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg diet of Nano Se-Met or SY, respectively. Performance data were evaluated for 14 weeks laying period from 23 to 36 weeks of age and the end of the experimental period, egg analysis tests were performed. The results showed selenium source had insignificant effect (p&gt;0.05) on productivity and egg quality parameters. On the other hand, the average egg weight and egg mass were increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) with increasing dietary selenium level within each source. Also selenium concentration in albumin and yolk were increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) for group SY (1.11 and 2.77 mg/kg respectively) followed by a decreasing order by groups fed on Nano Se-Met (0.68 and 1.44 mg/kg) and control-SS (0.0 and 0.12 mg/kg), respectively. The concentrations of selenium in albumin and yolk were significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher for groups fed 0.5 mg/kg level of selenium within each source.</p>
		  <p class="Abstract">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6">Keywords </span>| Organic selenium, Selenium nanoparticle, Selenium-methionine nanocomposite, Laying performance</p>
		  <p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
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		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-8">Editor</span> | Asghar Ali Kamboh, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan.</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-6">Received</span> | May 27, 2015; <span class="CharOverride-6">Revised</span> | July 06, 2015; <span class="CharOverride-6">Accepted</span> | July 08, 2015; <span class="CharOverride-6">Published</span> | July 15, 2015&#9;&#9;</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-6">*Correspondence</span> | Mamdouh Abbas Abdel-Moneim, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; <span class="CharOverride-6">Email: </span>abbas_mamdouh@yahoo.com</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-6">Citation </span>| Salah Eldin TA, Hamady GAA, Abdel-Moneim MA, Farroh KY, El-Reffaei WHM (2015). Nutritional evaluation of Selenium-methionine nanocomposite as a novel dietary supplement for laying hens. J. Anim. Health Prod. 3(3): 64-72.</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-8">DOI</span><span class="CharOverride-9"> | </span><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.jahp/2015/3.3.64.72"><span class="Hyperlink">http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.jahp/2015/3.3.64.72</span></a></p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="Editor---Citation CharOverride-6">ISSN |</span> 2308–2801</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-8">Copyright </span>© 2015 Hamady et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>
		</div>
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">Introduction</p>
			<p class="Caps-on-First-Para ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Caps-on-First-Para ParaOverride-1"><span class="_idGenDropcap-1">S</span><span>elenium </span>(Se) is an essential trace element in animal nutrition (<a href="#Kim-YY--Mahan-DC--2003"><span class="Hyperlink">Kim and Mahan, 2003</span></a>) that exists in nature in organic and inorganic forms. It is a vital part of numerous selenoproteins, most of which are involved in the antioxidant systems of the body (<a href="#Arthur-JR--1997"><span class="Hyperlink">Arthur, 1997</span></a>; <a href="#Lyons-MP--Papazyan-TT--Surai-PF--2007-."><span class="Hyperlink">Lyons et al., 2007</span></a>). The required amounts of Se for animals are ranging from 0.15 to 0.3 mg/kg depending on the animal species and the levels of vitamin E in the diet (<a href="#Girling-CA--1984-"><span class="Hyperlink">Girling et al., 1984</span></a>). </p>
		  <p class="Caps-on-First-Para ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Recently, many scientific studies revealed that Se from Se-enriched yeast had higher availability in laying hens than inorganic form, resulting in higher egg Se content (<a href="#Utterback-PL--Parson-CM--Yoon-I--Butler-J--2005"><span class="Hyperlink">Utterback et al., 2005</span></a>; <a href="#Skrivan-M--Simane-J--Dlouha-G--Doucha-J--2006-.-Effect-of-dietary-so"><span class="Hyperlink">Skrivan et al., 2006</span></a>; <a href="#Pan-C--Huang-K--Zhao-Y--Qin-S--Chen-F--Hu-Q--2007-"><span class="Hyperlink">Pan et al., 2007</span></a>). Most of previous studies on selenium supplementation of laying hens diets ranged from 0 to 1mg/kg. However, <a href="#Payne-RL--Lavergne-TK--Southern-LL--2005"><span class="Hyperlink">Payne et al. (2005)</span></a> used Se from sodium selenite or Se-enriched yeast up to 3.0 mg/kg in the diets, without any negative effects on egg production. </p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Recently, nanotechnology introduced new modality in the field of broiler nutrition through the benefits of the unique properties at the nanoscale such as increasing surface area, high absorption and lower toxicity. However, there is insufficient available data about the utilization of nano compounds in laying hens. <a href="#Wang-Y--2009-"><span class="Hyperlink">Wang (2009)</span></a> found that nano-Selenium increased muscle selenium concentration in broilers than sodium selenite. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional effects of Selenium-methionine (core shell) nanocomposite as a novel selenium supplement in laying hen diet on productivity, egg quality, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) contents and the egg Se-concentration compared to organic selenium-Enriched yeast and sodium selenite.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">Materials and Methods</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Preparation of Selenium-methionine Nanocomposite (Nano Se-Met)</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Preparation and characterization of Nano Se-Met were done at Nanotechnology &amp; Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt. Selenium-methionine (core shell) nanocomposites (60 nm) were synthesized by simultaneous reduction and conjugation preparation method proposed by <a href="#Zhang-SY--Zhang-J--Wang-HY--Chen-HY--2004"><span class="Hyperlink">Zhang et al. (2004)</span></a> with some modifications. In brief, 100 ml of 1 mM Sodium Selenite heated under vigorously stirred until boiling. Only 0.2% DL- methionine was added as powder, 2 ml of 1% ascorbic acid was added drop wise until the colour change to the characteristic yellowish orange and left to cool with stirring for 30 min, then proceeds for characterization. All used chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used as purchased without any modification.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Nano Se-Met Characterization</p>
			<p class="Body-Text">UV-Vis spectrophotometer, (Cary 5000, Varian, UK) monitoring Nano Se-Met from 400 to 800 nm with a path-length of 10 mm at 12 nm/s scanning speed and 1 nm bandwidth; and High Resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM, Tecnia, G20, 200 Kv, FEI, Netherland) was used for Nano Se-Met characterization. Sample was prepared by placing a droplet of the colloidal solution onto a carbon-coated copper grid and was allowed to dry for 45 minutes. Bright field imaging mode at electron accelerating voltage 200 kV using lanthanum hexabromide (LaB<span class="CharOverride-12">6</span>) electron source gun was performed. Eagle CCD camera with (2k*2k) image resolution was used to acquire and collect transmitted electron images. TEM Imaging software was used. Dynamic Light Scattering (ZS-Nano, Malvern, UK) used for Nano Se-Met particle size distribution determination. For phase analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of Nano Se-Met were obtained using Panlytical X’pert Pro X-ray diffractometer using Cu Ka (1.54059 A°) radiation with the X-ray generatoroperating at 45 kV and 30 MA. The total Se concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technique (optical emission spectrometer optima 2000 DV, Perkin Elmer).</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Nano Se-Met Diet Sample</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The prepared Nano Se-Met was tested for concentration determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). Three levels, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 ppm, of Nano Se-Met diet samples were prepared by mixing the selected concentrations to wheat bran. Samples were mixed well for homogeny and dried at 60<span class="CharOverride-13">o</span>C overnight. The prepared Nano Se-Met feed samples were added to the final laying hens’ diet.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Birds and Experimental Design</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The experiment was performed at the poultry experimental station belonging to Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. A total number of 105 Lohmann&#160;LSL laying hens of 22 weeks of age were randomly distributed into seven experimental groups with three replicates, 5 hens for each. Birds were housed individual in a battery cages, one in each cage (45-45-45cm). Average initial weight of hens at the start of experiment was ranged between 1459 to 1479 ±20g. The temperature and humidity percentages were daily measured and recorded approximately to the nearest (34±5.0<span class="CharOverride-13">o</span>C and 52±9.0%), respectively. A photoperiod of 16L:8D was performed during the experimental period. Feeds and water were offered <span class="CharOverride-14">ad libitum </span>throughout the experimental period. The experiment lasted for 14 weeks (up to 36 weeks of age). The conditions of housing and management of birds for all groups were similar during the experimental period and all birds were healthy and clinically free from disease. Seven experimental diets based on corn-soya were used. The first one was supplemented with 0.3 mg/Kg sodium selenite and used as a control (SS) (<a href="#Management-guide-of-Lohmann--2011-."><span class="Hyperlink">Lohmann LSL-Lite guide, 2011</span></a>) and other groups were fed on the basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg of selenium in the form of Nano Se-Met or organic selenium in the form of selenium yeast (SY). The premix used in the basal diets was free of selenium. Chemical analysis for crude protein (CP), ash, ether extracts (EE) and crud fibres (CF) of diets were carried out according to methods of <a href="#AOAC--2012-"><span class="Hyperlink">AOAC (2012)</span></a>.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The composition of the basal diet was calculatedaccording to <a href="#NRC--1994-"><span class="Hyperlink">NRC (1994)</span></a> and is given in (<a href="#Table-1-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 1</span></a>).</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Productive Performance</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Body weights were recorded at the start of the experimental period (at 22 weeks of age). Egg production, Feed Intake and average egg weight were recorded for 98 days of trial for each replicate and used to calculate weekly egg mass and feed conversion ratio. Mortality number was also recorded during the experimental period (14 weeks).</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Chemical Measurements</p>
		  <p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-3">Selenium Determination</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Selenium concentrations in the experimental diets and the residual in eggs were determined according to method  of  <a href="#AOAC--2012-"><span class="Hyperlink">AOAC (2012)</span></a> using Inductivity Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES).</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-3 ParaOverride-1">Fatty Acid Profile and Thiobarbituric Acid Contents (TBA) of Eggs</p>
			<p class="Body-Text">Egg blends were transesterified into their corresponding fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) using methanoleic NaOH and BF3 with methanol (Boron triflouride ) as described by <a href="#AOAC--2012-"><span class="Hyperlink">AOAC (2012)</span></a>. The FAMEs were quantified by Shematizu Gas Chromatograph Series 2010 equipped with a 2010+Sautosampler (Japan) and interfaced with a FID. Thiobarbituric acid contents of eggs were determined according to method as described by <a href="#Botsoglou-NA--Fletouris-DJ--Papageorgiou-GE--Vassilopoulos-VN--Mantis-AJ--Trakatellis-AG--1994-."><span class="Hyperlink">Botsoglou et al. (1994)</span></a>.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-1-"></a>Table 1:</span> Formulation and diet composition of laying hens</p>
			<table width="657" height="561" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-1">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Ingredients</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Amount (%)</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Ground yellow corn (8.5%CP) </span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">64.50</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Soybean meal (44% CP)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">13.75</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Corn gluten meal (60% CP)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">10.00</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">L-Lysine HCL %</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.21</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">DL-Methionine %</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.10</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*Premix %</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.30</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Sodium chloride(NaCl) %</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.30</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Di-Calcium phosphate %</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">2.14</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Calcium carbonate %</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">8.70</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Total </span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">100</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-20">Calculated </span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Crude protein % </span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">18.04</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">ME Kcal /Kg diet</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">2838</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Lysine %</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.84</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Methionine + cystein %</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.77</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Methionine %</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.44</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Available phosphorus % </span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.50</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Calcium %</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">3.83</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-20">Determined %</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">C.P % </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">E.E % </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Ash % </span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">18.00</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">4.01</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">4.63</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-10">*Each 2.5Kg of  laying premix contains.Vit A 10000000 I.U – Vit D3 2000000 I.U – Vit E 10000mg – Vit K3 1000mg – Vit B</span><span class="CharOverride-12">1</span><span class="CharOverride-10">1000mg –B</span><span class="CharOverride-12">2</span><span class="CharOverride-10">5000mg – B</span><span class="CharOverride-12">6</span><span class="CharOverride-10">1500mg –B</span><span class="CharOverride-12">12</span><span class="CharOverride-10">10000mg – Nicotinic acid 30000mg – Pantothenic acid 10000mg – folueic acid 1000mg –Biotin250mg – Choline Chloride 50% 250000mg – Fe30000– Cu4000mg –Zn 50000mg – Manganese 60000mg– Iodine 1300mg – Cobalt 100mg. Carrier Q.S up to 2.5kg</span></p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Egg Quality Traits</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">At the end of experiment, fresh eggs (3egg/ replicate) were taken for egg quality test. Egg shape index was calculated by dividing the wide axis by long axis of the egg (<a href="#Hanafi-MS--1981-.-Eg"><span class="Hyperlink">Hanafi, 1981</span></a>). The two axes were measured to nearest millimetre. Eggs were weighed individually, broken at its equator and the internal contents were taken for subsequent measurements. The eggshells were washed carefully until all albumin residues were apparently discarded. Shell weight was recorded after air dried for 24 hours at 38<span class="CharOverride-13">o</span>C. The thickness of the shell was measured at three points around the equatorial line of the egg without membrane by a micrometer to the nearest 0.01 millimetre. Shell thickness was recorded as the average of the three measurements. The yolk was separated from the albumen, and yolk and albumen were weighed separately to the nearest 0.1gm. The yolk colour was measured with the use of DSM Roche yolk colour fan. </p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Statistical Analysis</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Data were subjected to one way analysis of variance using the General Linear Models of SPSS software program package (<a href="#SPSS-for-windows-S--Chicago--IL-SPSS-Computer-software-11.00--2001-."><span class="Hyperlink">SPSS, 2001</span></a>). Significant differences among means were separated by Duncan’s multiple range test (<a href="#Duncan-DB--1955"><span class="Hyperlink">Duncan, 1955</span></a>) at 5% level of significant.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-21">Results and Discussion</span></p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Se-Met </p>
			<p class="Body-Text">The characterization results of colloidal Nano Se-Met reveals the formation of well distributed core shell nano spheres with core average size of 60 nm and shell average size of 8 nm as it is clearly  shown by the high resolution-TEM image (<a href="#Figure-1-"><span class="Hyperlink">Figure 1</span></a>). The particle size distribution of Nano Se-Met, (<a href="#Figure-2-"><span class="Hyperlink">Figure 2</span></a>) was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) where on the average 62 nm with perfect Poly Dispersity Index (PDI) 0.070; which confirmed the results obtained by TEM imaging and the corresponding characteristic Plasmon absorbance band at 266 nm (<a href="#Figure-4-"><span class="Hyperlink">Figure 4</span></a>). Moreover, the XRD analysis (<a href="#Figure-3-"><span class="Hyperlink">Figure 3</span></a>), were employed to investigate the phase and structure of the synthesized sample which confirm the presence of nano selenium and methionine phases. Where the broad peak at 2<span class="CharOverride-22">θ</span> = 29.682<span class="CharOverride-13">o</span> corresponding to the (101) reﬂection of selenium and the broadening suggesting that the sample in nano size in addition to that the other bands matched well with the data from the JCPDS card (1-086-2246) for Nano Se-Met (the diffraction angles at 2<span class="CharOverride-22">θ</span>): 23.499<span class="CharOverride-13">o</span>, 41.305<span class="CharOverride-13">o</span>, 43.618<span class="CharOverride-13">o</span>, 45.337<span class="CharOverride-13">o</span>, 51.684<span class="CharOverride-13">o</span>, and 65.197<span class="CharOverride-13">o</span> can be assigned to (100), (110), (012), (111), (201), and (210) of the crystal planes of Nano selenium. The broad peaks at 2<span class="CharOverride-22">θ</span> = 5.432<span class="CharOverride-13">o</span> and 2<span class="CharOverride-22">θ</span> = 22.193<span class="CharOverride-13">o</span> corresponding to the (001) and (111) reﬂection of Methionine (JCPDS card no.00-039-1605). The characterization procedures suggest the formation of Selenium- Methionine Core-Shell nanocomposite as was proposed by this work.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text">&nbsp;</p>
			
            <div class="pt" > <a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150719021247.png" target="new"><img class="img_display" src="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150719021247.png" width="80" height="80"></a>
            
     	<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Figure-1-"></a>Figure 1: </span><a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150719021247.png">HR-TEM image of Nano Se-Met core shell with average size 60 nm for core and 8 nm for shell</a></p>
       </div><br>

			
			 <div class="pt" > <a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150719023347.png" target="new"><img class="img_display" src="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150719023347.png" width="80" height="80"></a>
            
     		<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Figure-2-"></a>Figure 2: </span><a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150719023347.png">Particle size analysis of Nano Se-Met with average size 62 nm</a></p>
       </div><br>
       
			
			<div class="pt" > <a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150719025847.png" target="new"><img class="img_display" src="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150719025847.png" width="80" height="80"></a>
            
     		<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Figure-3-"></a>Figure 3: </span><a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150719025847.png">XRD pattern for Nano Se-Met, nanocomposite</a></p>
       </div><br>
       
			
			<div class="pt" > <a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150719022648.png" target="new"><img class="img_display" src="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150719022648.png" width="80" height="80"></a>
            
     			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Figure-4-"></a>Figure 4: </span><a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150719022648.png">UV-Vis spectrum of Nano Se-Met showing the Se characteristic absorption peak at 266 nm</a></p>
       </div><br>
       
			
		  <p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Effect of Different Selenium Sources on Hens Performance</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1"><a href="#Table-2-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table</span><span class="Hyperlink"> 2</span></a> shows the results of laying rate (%), average egg weight (g), egg mass (kg/bird), feed intake (kg/bird) and FCR, for 14 week laying period for groups fed different sources of selenium at 0.3 mg/kg diet. The results showed that there were no significant differences due to selenium source. These results are in agreement with some previous studies that indicated that dietary inclusion of antioxidants could not improve the performance of birds (<a href="#Nghonjuyi-NW--Tiambo-CK--Kimbi-HK--Manka-a"><span class="Hyperlink">Nghonjuyi et al., 2015</span></a>). This might be due to adequacy for the experimental diets (<a href="#Ensminger-EM--Old-field-EJ--Heinemann-WW--1990-"><span class="Hyperlink">Ensminger et al., 1990</span></a>). Despite of this, there were numerical variations among measurements. The number of mortalities recorded in the present study was due to accidental factors and not to treatments. </p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Effect of Different Selenium Sources on Lipid Oxidation and Fatty Acids</p>
			<p class="Body-Text">The results presented in <a href="#Table-3-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 3</span></a> revealed that thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value increased significantly (P&lt;0.05) for groups fed SY and Nano Se-Met, compared to the control group. Concerning saturated fatty acids (SFA), results revealed that SFA increased significantly (P&lt;0.05) for the control group (control-SS) compared to the two other selenium sources. On the other hand, insignificant differences (p&gt;0.05) were detected among groups (Nano Se-Met and SY). Regarding the levels of unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), the results indicated significant increase in USFA levels for groups fed SY followed by a significantly (P&lt;0.05) decreasing order for group fed Nano Se-Met and control-SS, respectively. However, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) increased significantly (P&lt;0.05) for group Nano Se-Met compared to SY and control-SS, whereas the differences among SY and control-SS were insignificant (p&gt;0.05). These results indicated that SY improved nutritive value of eggs by increasing the USFA and CLA levels. As all antioxidants including selenium could exert the positive effects on animal health and performance (<a href="#Kamboh-AA--Arain-MA--Mughal-MJ--Zaman-A--Arai"><span class="Hyperlink">Kamboh et al., 2015</span></a>). </p>
		  <p class="Body-Text">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Effect of Different Selenium Sources on Egg Selenium Concentrations</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The results of <a href="#Table-4-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 4</span></a> revealed that albumin and yolk selenium concentrations were higher significantly (P&lt;0.05) for group SY followed by a significant decreasing order for groups fed Nano Se-Met and control-SS respectively. This result might probably be attributed to the fact that animals absorbed and retained selenium in the forms of Nano Se-Met and SY more than selenium as sodium selenite (SS).</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Effect of different selenium sources on egg quality</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The results indicated in <a href="#Table-5-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 5</span></a> revealed that differences in egg weight, yolk weight, albumin weight, shell weight, shell thickness, yolk colour and shape index, were insignificant (P&gt; 0.05) among all dietary treatments, however there were numerical differences between treatments. The data suggested that this might be due to adequacy for the experimental diets.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Effect of Different Levels of Nano Selenium (Nano Se-Met) Supplementation on Performance</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Regardless of selenium source, the results given in <a href="#Table-6-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 6</span></a><span class="Hyperlink"> </span>indicated that laying rate, feed intake (kg/bird) and FCR, for laying hens fed on different levels of selenium (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg) in form of nano-selenium was remained statistically unaffected (P&gt; 0.05). While, the average egg weight and egg mass were significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher for group fed 0.5 mg/kg compared to group fed 0.1 mg/kg</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-2-"></a>Table 2: </span>Effect of different sources of selenium supplementation on performance of Lohmann laying hens from (23 to 36) weeks of age (mean ±SE)</p>
			<table width="658" height="250" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-2">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td />
						<td colspan="3">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph ParaOverride-2"><span class="CharOverride-17">Treatments</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Sig.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Items</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Control-SS (0.3%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Nano Se-Met (0.3%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">SY (0.3%)</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td height="249">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Initial body weight (g)/bird (23wk)</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Laying rate (%)/bird </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Average egg weight (g)/bird </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Egg mass (Kg)/bird </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Feed intake (Kg)/bird </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Feed conversion ratio FCR </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Mortality number </span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1475.65±3.48</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18"> 84.86 ±1.39 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">54.62 ±0.29 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">4.54±0.07</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">10.17 ±0.12 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">2.24 ±0.05 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1478.67±2.88</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">83.33 ±0.89 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">55.20 ±0.30 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">4.50±0.02</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">10.12 ±0.05 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">2.25 ±0.03 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1471.66±2.72</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">83.88 ±1.22 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">55.33 ±0.52 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">4.51±0.03</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">10.09 ±0.07 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">2.23 ±0.01 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">-</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-28">S.E</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: standard error; </span><span class="CharOverride-28">N.S</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: Non significant</span></p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-3-"></a>Table 3: </span>Effect of different sources of selenium supplementation on lipid oxidation and fatty acids of eggs (mean ±SE)</p>
			<table width="658" height="185" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-3">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td />
						<td colspan="3">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph ParaOverride-2"><span class="CharOverride-17">Treatments</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Sig.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Items</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Control-SS (0.3%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Nano Se-Met (0.3%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">SY (0.3%)</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Thiobarbituric Acid ug/kg</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Saturated fatty acids (SFA) %</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">C18:1n9 trans 12 (CLA) %</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Unsaturated fatty acids (USFA)%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">73.08</span><span class="CharOverride-27">c</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±0.83</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">46.41</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.88</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.29</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.01</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">53.26</span><span class="CharOverride-27">c </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.94</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">123.20</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±2.58</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">41.22</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b</span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.67</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.12</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b</span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.01</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">57.86</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±0.75</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">134.05</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±2.91</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">39.73</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b</span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.87</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.33</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a</span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.02</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">61.40</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a</span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.35</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-10">a, b and c  means the same rows have the different superscript are significantly different ( P≤&#173;0.05 ); </span><span class="CharOverride-28">S.E</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: standard error</span></p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-4-"></a>Table 4: </span>Effect of different sources of selenium supplementation on egg selenium concentrations (mean ±SE)</p>
			<table width="658" height="109" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-4">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td />
						<td colspan="3">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph ParaOverride-2"><span class="CharOverride-17">Treatments</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Sig.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Items</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Control-SS (0.3%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Nano Se Met (0.3%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">SY (0.3%)</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Albumin Selenium concentration (mg/Kg)</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Yolk  Selenium concentration (mg/Kg)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.00</span><span class="CharOverride-27">c </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.00</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.12</span><span class="CharOverride-27">c </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.01</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.68</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±0.0.3</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1.44</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.06</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1.11</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.07</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">2.77</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.10</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-10">a, b and c  means the same rows have the different superscript are significantly different ( P≤&#173;0.05 ); </span><span class="CharOverride-28">S.E</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: standard error; </span><span class="CharOverride-28">N.S</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: Non significant</span></p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-5-"></a>Table 5: </span>Effect of different sources of selenium supplementation on egg quality (mean ±SE)</p>
			<table width="658" height="299" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-5">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td />
						<td colspan="3">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Treatments</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Sig.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Items</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Control-SS (0.3%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Nano Se-Met (0.3%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">SY (0.3%)</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Egg weight (g) </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Yolk weight (g) </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Albumin weight (g) </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Shell weight (g) </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Shell thickness (mm) </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Yolk colour </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Shape index </span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">53.55 ±0.22</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">9.93 ±0.34</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">37.02±0.53</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">6.60±0.19</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.39±0.01</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">6.66±0.33</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">78.32±1.46</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">54.07 ±0.20</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">9.02 ±0.58</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">37.78±0.56</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">7.26±0.21</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.42±0.01</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">6.33±0.33</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">75.73±3.49</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">53.63 ±0.19</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">9.62 ±0.65</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">36.78±0.77</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">7.23±0.33</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.43±0.01</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">6.33±0.33</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">75.17±1.20</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-28">S.E</span><span class="CharOverride-10">:  standard error. </span><span class="CharOverride-28">N.S</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: Non significant</span></p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-6-"></a>Table 6: </span>Effect of different levels of nano selenium (Nano Se-Met) supplementation on performance of Lohmann laying hens from (23 to 36) weeks of age (mean ±SE)</p>
			<table width="656" height="299" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-6">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Items</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="3">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph ParaOverride-2"><span class="CharOverride-17">Nano Se-Met</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Sig.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.1%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.3%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.5%</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Initial body weight (g)/bird (23wk)</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Laying rate (%)/bird </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Average egg weight (g)/bird </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Egg mass (Kg)/bird </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Feed intake (Kg)/bird </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Feed conversion ratio FCR </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Mortality number </span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1473.43±2.72</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">84.60 ±1.06</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">53.77</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±1.14</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">4.45</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b</span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.04</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">10.08 ±0.02</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">2.26 ±0.03</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1478.67±2.88</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">83.33 ±0.90</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">55.20</span><span class="CharOverride-27">ab</span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.30</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">4.50</span><span class="CharOverride-27">ab</span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.03</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">10.22 ±0.05</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">2.24 ±0.02</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1473.28±3.48</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">82.99 ±0.89</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">56.40</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±0.39</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">4.58</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.02</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">10.19 ±0.01</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">2.22 ±0.02</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">-</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-10">a, b and c  means the same rows have the different superscript are significantly different ( P≤&#173;0.05 ); </span><span class="CharOverride-28">S.E</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: standard error; </span><span class="CharOverride-28">N.S</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: Non significant</span></p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-7-"></a>Table 7: </span>Effect of different levels of nano selenium (Nano Se-Met) supplementation on lipid oxidation and fatty acids of eggs (mean ±SE)</p>
			<table width="658" height="185" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-7">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">&#9;&#9;</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="3">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph ParaOverride-2"><span class="CharOverride-17">Nano Se-Met</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Sig.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Items</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.1%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.3%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.5%</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Thiobarbituric Acid ug/kg</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Saturated fatty acids (SFA) %</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">C18:1n9 trans 12 (CLA) %</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Unsaturated fatty acids (USFA)%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">69.93</span><span class="CharOverride-27">c</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±2.91</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">42.82</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±1.32</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.14</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.02</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">55.35</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.94</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">123.20</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±2.58</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">41.22</span><span class="CharOverride-27">ab </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.67</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.12</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.01</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">57.86</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.75</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">133.49</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±3.69</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">38.59</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.25</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.32</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.02</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">61.00</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.62</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-10">a, b and c  means the same rows have the different superscript are significantly different ( P≤&#173;0.05 ); </span><span class="CharOverride-28">S.E</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: standard </span><span class="CharOverride-10">error; </span><span class="CharOverride-28">N.S</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: Non significant</span></p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-8-"></a>Table 8: </span>Effect of different levels of nano selenium (Nano Se-Met) supplementation on egg selenium concentrations mg/kg (mean ±SE)</p>
			<table width="657" height="109" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-8">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td />
						<td colspan="3">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph ParaOverride-2"><span class="CharOverride-17">Nano Se-Met</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Sig.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Items</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.1%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.3%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.5%</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Albumin Selenium concentration (mg/Kg)</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Yolk  Selenium concentration (mg/Kg)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.22</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.011</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.89</span><span class="CharOverride-27">c</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±0.01</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.68</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.03</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1.44</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.06</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.80</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.05</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">2.17</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.03</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-10">a, b and c  means the same rows have the different superscript are significantly different ( P≤&#173;0.05 ); </span><span class="CharOverride-28">S.E</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: standard error; </span><span class="CharOverride-28">N.S</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: Non significant</span></p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-9-"></a>Table 9: </span>Effect of different levels of nano selenium (Nano Se-Met) supplementation on egg quality (mean ±SE)</p>
			<table width="658" height="299" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-9">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td />
						<td colspan="3">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph ParaOverride-2"><span class="CharOverride-17">Nano Se-Met</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Sig.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Items</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.1%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.3%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.5%</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Egg weight (g)</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Yolk weight (g)</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Albumin weight (g)</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Shell weight (g)</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Shell thickness (mm)</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Yolk colour</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Shape index</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">54.13 ±0.45</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">9.59 ±0.46</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">36.39±0.89</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">8.14±0..09</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.44±0.01</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">6.33±0.33</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">79.04±0.44</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">54.07 ±0.20</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">9.02 ±0.58</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">37.78±0.56</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">7.26±0.21</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.42±0.01</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">6.33±0.33</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">75.73±3.49</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">54.30 ±0.17</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">9.56 ±0.58</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">37.26±0.73</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">7.48±0.48</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.43±0.01</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">6.33±0.33</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">78.91±2.99</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-28">S.E</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: standard error; </span><span class="CharOverride-28">N.S</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: Non significant</span></p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-10-"></a>Table 10: </span>Effect of different levels of organic selenium (SY) supplementation on performance of Lohmann laying hens from (23 to 36) weeks of age (mean ±SE)</p>
			<table width="656" height="299" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-10">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td />
						<td colspan="3">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">SY</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Sig.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Items</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.1%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.3%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.5%</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Initial body weight (g)/bird (23wK).</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Laying rate (%)/bird.&#9;</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Average egg weight (g)/bird.</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Egg mass (Kg)/bird.</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Feed intake (Kg)/bird.</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Feed conversion ratio FCR</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Mortality number.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1462.86±2.72</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">85.03 ±1.11 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">53.47</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±0.75 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">4.45</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b</span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.03</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">10.06 ±0.10 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">2.25</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±0.01 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1471.66±2.72</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">83.33 ±1.22 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">55.33</span><span class="CharOverride-27">ab</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±0.52 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">4.51</span><span class="CharOverride-27">ab</span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.03</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">10.09 ±0.07 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">2.23</span><span class="CharOverride-27">ab</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±0.01</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1474.61±3.48</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">82.65 ±1.02 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">56.56</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a</span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.42 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">4.58</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a</span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.02</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">9.96 ±0.09 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">2.17</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±0.05 </span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">-</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-10">a, b and c  means the same rows have the different superscript are significantly different ( P≤&#173;0.05 ); </span><span class="CharOverride-28">S.E</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: standard error; </span><span class="CharOverride-28">N.S</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: Non significant</span></p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-11-"></a>Table 11: </span>Effect of different levels of organic selenium (SY) supplementation on lipid oxidation and fatty acids of eggs (mean ±SE)</p>
			<table width="658" height="208" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-11">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td rowspan="3">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Items</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="3">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph ParaOverride-2"><span class="CharOverride-17">Treatments</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td colspan="3">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph ParaOverride-2"><span class="CharOverride-17">SY</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Sig.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.1%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.3%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.5%</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Thiobarbituric Acid ug/kg</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Saturated fatty acids (SFA) %</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">C18:1n9 trans 12 (CLA) %</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Unsaturated fatty acids (USFA)%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">94.41</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±2.26</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">43.31</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±1.01</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.18</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.02</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">54.26</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b</span><span class="CharOverride-18">±1.14</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">134.05</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±2.91</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">39.73</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.87</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.33</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a  </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.02</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">61.40</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.35</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">136.17</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±5.24</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">37.68</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.92</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.26</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.02</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">62.37</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±0.53</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-10">a, b and c  means the same rows have the different superscript are significantly different ( P≤&#173;0.05 ); </span><span class="CharOverride-28">S.E</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: standard error</span></p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">which recorded lowest value, however differences in these traits among groups (0.1, 0.3) and groups (0.5, 0.3) levels were insignificant (p&gt;0.05). This result can be traced back to structure of (Nano Se-Met) which contain more methionine that leads to increased egg weight (<a href="#Liu-Z--Bateman-A--Sohail-SS--Zinner-B--Roland-DA--2004-"><span class="Hyperlink">Liu et al., 2004</span></a>). Apparently, this is possible because transfer RNA cannot differentiate between Se-methionine and methionine (<a href="#Gierus-M--2007"><span class="Hyperlink">Gierus, 2007</span></a>). The number of mortalities recorded in the present study had due to accidental factors and not to treatments.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Effect of Different Levels of Nano Selenium (Nano Se-Met) on Lipid Oxidation and Fatty Acids</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The statistical evaluation of the results presented in <a href="#Table-7-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 7</span></a> showed that TBA increased significantly (P&lt;0.05) with increased nano-selenium levels from 0.1 to 0.3 and 0.5mg/kg respectively. Also, saturated fatty acids value increased significantly (P&lt;0.05) with increasing levels of (Nano Se-Met). Concerning unsaturated fatty acids, the results revealed that USFA was higher significantly (P&lt;0.05) for group fed 0.5mg/kg compared to groups fed 0.3 and 0.1mg/kg; whereas the differences among groups fed 0.3 and 0.1mg/kg were insignificant. Results of the same table showed that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) increased significantly (P&lt;0.05) for group fed 0.5mg/kg compared to groups fed 0.1 and 0.3mg/kg respectively. However, the differences among groups 0.1 and 0.3mg/kg were insignificant (p&gt;0.05). In general, results of table7 indicted that increasing levels of selenium in form of Nano Se-Met led to the increasing TBA that further results the increasing of USFA in eggs. These results may indicated that Nano Se-Met had a very little or no effect as an antioxidant. </p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Effect of Different Levels of Nano Selenium (Nano Se-Met) Supplementation on Egg Selenium Concentrations</p>
			<p class="Body-Text">Results presented in <a href="#Table-8-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 8</span></a> revealed that albumin selenium concentration was higher significantly (P&lt;0.05) for groups fed 0.5 and 0.3 mg/kg respectively, than group fed 0.1 mg/kg. Results indicated also that, yolk selenium concentration increased significantly (P&lt;0.05) for group fed on 0.5mg/kg followed by 0.3 and 0.1 mg/kg respectively. These results may be due to a consequence of mineral-binding lipoproteins deposited during yolk accretion (<a href="#Miles-RD--2000"><span class="Hyperlink">Miles, 2000</span></a>).</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Effect of Different Levels of Nano Selenium (Nano Se-Met) Supplementation on Egg Quality</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The results of egg quality parameters in fresh eggs as affected by selenium levels were presented in <a href="#Table-9-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 9</span></a>. Results revealed that differences in egg weight, yolk weight, albumin weight, shell weight, shell thickness, yolk colour and shape index among all dietary treatments were insignificant (P&gt; 0.05), however, there were numerical differences between all treatments.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Effect of Different Levels of Organic Selenium (SY) Supplementation on Performance</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Concerning the effect of dietary selenium yeast (SY) levels, results presented in <a href="#Table-10-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 10</span></a> showed that selenium level in form of SY had insignificant (P&gt; 0.05) effect on laying rate and feed intake. Also, the average egg weight and egg mass were higher significantly (P&lt; 0.05) for group fed 0.5 mg/kg. As presented in the same table FCR improved significantly (P&lt; 0.05) with increasing levels of selenium whereas, the group fed 0.5mg/kg recorded the lower value of FCR compared to group fed 0.1 mg/kg of selenium yeast. In general, this result can be traced back to structure of selenium yeast which indicated more absorption that lead to increased egg weight. These results are in agreement with <a href="#Liu-Z--Bateman-A--Sohail-SS--Zinner-B--Roland-DA--2004-"><span class="Hyperlink">Liu et al. (2004)</span></a>.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Effect of Different Levels of Organic Selenium (SY) Supplementation on Lipid Oxidation and Fatty Acids</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1"><a href="#Table-11-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 11</span></a> illustrates that TBA, CLA and USFA were increased significantly (P&lt;0.05) with increased SY levels from 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5mg/kg respectively. However differences among 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg levels were insignificant (P&gt; 0.05). Results of the same table showed that SFA was highest significantly (P&lt; 0.05) for groups fed 0.1mg/kg followed by groups fed 0.3 and 0.5mg/kg however, the difference among them was insignificant (p&gt;0.05).</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Effect of Different Levels of Organic Selenium (SY) Supplementation on Egg Selenium Concentrations</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The statistical evaluation of results given in the <a href="#Table-12-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 12</span></a> indicated that hens fed on diet containing 0.5mg/kg selenium (SY) recorded the highest significant value for albumin selenium concentration and yolk selenium concentration of egg; followed by decreasing order by group fed 0.3(P&gt; 0.05) and 0.1mg/kg (P&lt; 0.05)respectively. In general results of this study indicated that use of selenium yeast in laying hens diets is very effective for increasing the selenium content of eggs. These results were agreement with <a href="#Fisinin-VI--Papazyan-TT--PF-Surai--2008"><span class="Hyperlink">Fisinin et al. (2008)</span></a>, <a href="#Sara-A--Bennea-M--Odagiu-A--Panta-L--2008"><span class="Hyperlink">Sara et al. (2008)</span></a> and <a href="#Hanafy-MM--El-Sheikh-AMH--Abdalla-EA--2009-."><span class="Hyperlink">Hanafy et al. (2009)</span></a>.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Effect of Different Levels of Organic Selenium (SY) Supplementation on Egg Quality</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Results of <a href="#Table-13-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 13</span></a> indicated the egg quality measurements of fresh eggs that were affected by different selenium yeast (SY) levels. It revealed that differences in egg weight, yolk weight, albumin weight, shell weight, shell thickness, yolk colour and shape index among all dietary treatments were insignificant (P&gt; 0.05), however there were numerical differences among all treatments.</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-12-"></a>Table 12: </span>Effect of different levels of nano selenium (Nano Se-Met) supplementation on egg selenium concentrations mg/kg (mean ±SE)</p>
			<table width="657" height="109" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-12">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Items</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="3">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">SY</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Sig.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.1%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.3%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.5%</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Albumin Selenium concentration (mg/Kg)</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Yolk  Selenium concentration (mg/Kg)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.27</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.08</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.45</span><span class="CharOverride-27">b </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.12</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1.11</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a  </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.07</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">2.77</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.10</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">1.25</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a</span><span class="CharOverride-18"> ±0.15</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">2.94</span><span class="CharOverride-27">a </span><span class="CharOverride-18">±0.10</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">*</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-10">a, b and c  means the same rows have the different superscript are significantly different ( P≤&#173;0.05 ); </span><span class="CharOverride-28">S.E</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: standard error</span></p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-13-"></a>Table 13: </span>Effect of different levels of organic selenium (SY) supplementation on egg quality (mean ±SE)</p>
			<table width="657" height="299" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-13">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Items</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="3">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">SY</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-17">Sig.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.1%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.3%</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.5%</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Egg weight (g)</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Yolk weight (g)</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Albumin weight (g)</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Shell weight (g)</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Shell thickness (mm)</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Yolk color</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">Shape index</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">53.34 ±0.56</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">10.50 ±0.25</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">35.26±0.75</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">7.57±0.26</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.42±0.02</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">6.33±0.33</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">72.67±3.55</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">53.63 ±0.19</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">9.62 ±0.65</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">36.78±0.77</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">7.23±0.33</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.43±0.01</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">6.33±0.33</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">75.17±1.20</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">53.80 ±0.22</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">10.08 ±0.72</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">35.85±1.34</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">7.86±0.03</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">0.39±0.01</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">7.0±0.57</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">74.34±1.39</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-18">N.S</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-28">S.E</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: standard error; </span><span class="CharOverride-28">N.S</span><span class="CharOverride-10">: Non significant</span></p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">Conclusion</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">In summary it could be concluded that addition of selenium at 0.5 mg in both forms i.e., Nano Se-Met or selenium yeast could improve production traits significantly (P&lt;0.05) and this may be due to the additional methionine levels and/or improved selenium availability. On the other hand, selenium sources had a negative effect on TBA values compared to the control group. However, among each source increasing selenium level tend to improve productively of laying hens, and these may be due to additional methionine level by the different sources. Further studies should explore the physiological aspects to specify the optimum levels of dietary inclusion.</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">Conflict of Interest</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">Authors contribution </p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">All the authors contributed equally to the present work.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">References</p>
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