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			<p class="Type-of-Article"><span class="CharOverride-1">Research Article</span></p>
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			<p class="title- ParaOverride-1">Detection of Intestinal Protozoa in Camels and their Breeders in Najef, Iraq</p>
		</div>
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Authors ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Authors ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-2">Asmaa Ghafer Hussin</span><span class="CharOverride-3">1</span><span class="CharOverride-2">, Jenan Mahmood Khalaf</span><span class="CharOverride-3">1</span><span class="CharOverride-2">, Haider Mohammed Ali</span><span class="CharOverride-3">2</span></p>
		</div>
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Affiliations ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-5">1</span>Department of Zoonotic Unit; <span class="CharOverride-5">2</span>Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.</p>
		</div>
		<div>
			<p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6">Abstract</span> | The study aimed to investigate the existence of intestinal protozoa in feces of the camels and their breeders in Najef province, Iraq because this province is having a large number of camels. One hundred fecal samples were collected from camels (33 males and 67 females) aged between &gt;3 to 6≤ year and 25 fecal samples were collected from camels breeders (14 males and 11 females) aged between &gt;30 to 60 years during November 2014 to May 2015. Samples were examined through direct wet smear and Lugal’s iodine for cycts or trophzoite<span class="CharOverride-7"> </span><span class="CharOverride-8">of</span><span class="CharOverride-9"> Giardia </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">. </span>and<span class="CharOverride-9"> Entameba </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">.</span> while modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining technique for oocycts of<span class="CharOverride-9"> Cryptosporidium </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">.</span> The results showed that the infection rates of<span class="CharOverride-9"> Cryptosporidium </span>spp., <span class="CharOverride-9">Giardia </span>spp. and<span class="CharOverride-9"> Entameba </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">.</span> in camels<span class="CharOverride-9"> </span>were 61%, 24%, and 20%, respectively. The corresponding infection rates in camel-breeders were 56%, 20%, and (16%), respectively. It can be concluded that the high prevalence values of the intestinal protozoa were detected in camels and camel-breeders. The prevalence values seems to be parallel between camels and camel-breeders who are mainly <span class="CharOverride-10">in touch with camels.</span> This could be an evidence of the association of infection between camels and camel-breeders.</p>
		  <p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6">Keywords </span>| Intestinal protozoa, Camels, Camel-breeders, Najef </p>
		  <p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		</div>
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-11">Editor</span> | Muhammad Abubakar, National Veterinary Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan.</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-6">Received</span> | June 14, 2015; <span class="CharOverride-6">Revised</span> | July 02, 2015; <span class="CharOverride-6">Accepted</span> | July 03, 2015; <span class="CharOverride-6">Published</span> | July 06, 2015&#9;&#9;</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-6">*Correspondence</span> | Asmaa Ghafer Hussin, University of Baghdad, Iraq; <span class="CharOverride-6">Email:</span> asmaaghafer5@gmail.com</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-6">Citation</span> | Hussin AG, Khalaf JM, Ali HM (2015). Detection of intestinal protozoa in camels and their breeders in Najef, Iraq. Res. J. Vet. Pract. 3(3): 53-57.</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-11">DOI</span><span class="CharOverride-12"> | </span><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.rjvp/2015/3.3.53.57"><span class="Hyperlink">http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.rjvp/2015/3.3.53.57</span></a></p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="Editor---Citation CharOverride-6" xml:lang="en-US">ISSN </span>| 2308-2798</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-11">Copyright </span>© 2015 Hussin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>
		</div>
		<div class="Basic-Text-Frame">
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">INTRODUCTION </p>
			<p class="Caps-on-First-Para ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Caps-on-First-Para ParaOverride-1"><span class="_idGenDropcap-1">C</span><span>amels </span>(<span class="CharOverride-9">C</span><span class="CharOverride-9">amelus dromedaries</span>) are generally infected with numerous parasites. Parasitic infection cause considerable losses in camels as a result of mortality. Several types of protozoa are responsible for enteric infections in camels (<a href="#Wahba-AA--Refail-MAH--2003"><span class="Hyperlink">Wahba and Refail, 2003</span></a>). Enteric protozoan parasites are ubiquitous in domestic mammal populations (<a href="#Taylor-M--2000-."><span class="Hyperlink">Taylor, 2000</span></a>). Many species have intracellular life-cycle phases in the intestinal epithelia and have the potential to cause disease. Their widespread occurrence, economic importance coupled with limited options for treatment and sometimes zoonotic potential have meant most investigations of protozoan infections in ruminants have come from outbreaks on farms or from experiments involving production animals (<a href="#Craig-BH--Pikington-JG--Kruuk-LEB--Pemberton-JM--2007"><span class="Hyperlink">Craig et al., 2007</span></a>).<span class="CharOverride-14"> </span>Intestinal protozoa are increasingly being studied because of their association with acute and chronic diarrhoea in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent patients (<a href="#Mak-JW--2004"><span class="Hyperlink">Mak, 2004</span></a>). Various community outbreaks due to contamination of water or food with these protozoa have further highlighted their importance in public health (<a href="#Mak-JW--2004"><span class="Hyperlink">Mak, 2004</span></a>). Intestinal parasites, caused by protozoa represents one of the major causes of impaired milk production, as well as impaired fertility and low calving rates of camels (<a href="#AL-Megrin-WAI--2015"><span class="Hyperlink">AL-Megrin, 2015</span></a>). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of some factors on infection rate of <span class="CharOverride-9">Cryptosporidium </span><span class="CharOverride-15">spp.</span><span class="CharOverride-9">,</span> <span class="CharOverride-9">Giardia </span><span class="CharOverride-15">spp.</span> and<span class="CharOverride-9"> Entameba </span><span class="CharOverride-15">spp.</span> in camels and camel’s breeders along with to identify the association infection between them.</p>
		  <p class="Caps-on-First-Para ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">MATERIALS AND METHODS </p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Stool Collection</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-8">Samples of 5-10 grams were collected randomly from different ages and sex of camels besides samples of </span>camel’s breeders<span class="CharOverride-8"> in the Najef province/Iraq. All these samples collected from November, 2014 to May, 2015. The fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum, in a clean plastic containers (100ml size) and were tightly closed and given sequential numbers. All information for the animal included age and sex were recorded on the special form </span>cart<span class="CharOverride-8">. The samples were transported in refrigerated bag to the laboratory (Zoonotic Unit at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad). </span></p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Direct Wet Mount And Lugol’s Iodine Staining Methods</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">A portion of stool was examined at field by direct transport to the wet mount with saline (0.85% sodium chloride solution) to observe motile intestinal parasites (<span class="CharOverride-9">Cryptosporidium </span><span class="CharOverride-15">spp.</span><span class="CharOverride-9">,</span> <span class="CharOverride-9">Giardia </span>spp. and<span class="CharOverride-9"> Entameba </span><span class="CharOverride-15">spp.</span>) and trophozoites under light microscope at 10X and 40X magnifications. Lugol’s iodine staining technique was also done to observe cysts of the intestinal protozoan parasites<span class="CharOverride-8"> </span>(<a href="#Levine-ND--1961-"><span class="Hyperlink">Levine, 1961</span></a>).</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Modifieed Zeihl-Neelsen Method</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">A smear was also made from the fresh stool samples on glass slide and stained with Modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast stain as described by (<a href="#Garcia-LS--2001-"><span class="Hyperlink">Garcia, 2001</span></a>) for the identification of the oocysts of <span class="CharOverride-9">Cryptosporidium parvum </span>using the x40 and x100 objectives.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Statistical Analysis</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software. Chi-square test was used to detect the association between each of age and sex with infection rate of <span class="CharOverride-9">Cryptosporidium, Giardia </span>and <span class="CharOverride-9">Entameba </span>spp. P value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">RESULTS</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-20">Cryptosporidium </span><span class="CharOverride-21">spp</span>.,<span class="CharOverride-19"> </span><span class="CharOverride-20">Giardia </span><span class="CharOverride-21">spp</span>. and <span class="CharOverride-20">Entameba </span><span class="CharOverride-21">spp</span>. Infection </p>
		  <p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-3">In Camels According to Sex </p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The results revealed that out of (100) fecal samples collected from camels in Najef province were as follows; total positive cryptosporidiosis percentage in the males and females were 33(63.63%) and 67(59.70), respectively. The prevalence of giardiasis was 18.18% and 26.86% in the males and females respectively. The corresponding prevalence of entamebaiasis was 18.18% and 20.89% respectively. The highest prevalence was detected in <span class="CharOverride-9">Cryptosporidium </span>spp. (61%), whereas the lowest was found in <span class="CharOverride-9">Entameba </span>spp. (20%) and <span class="CharOverride-9">Giardia </span>spp. (24%). On the other hand the differences between males and females were not significant across the three protozoa (<a href="#Table-1-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 1</span></a>).</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The prevalence of<span class="CharOverride-9"> Cryptosporidium </span>spp. in camels (61%) in the present study was higher than prevalence reported by several researchers for the same animal; 37.9% in Iran (<a href="#Razavi-SM--Oryan-A--Bahrami-S--Mohammadalipour-A--Gowhari-M--2009"><span class="Hyperlink">Razavi et al., 2009</span></a>), 17.5% and 19.3% (<a href="#El-Kelesh-EA--Abdel--Maogood-SZ--Abdel-Wahab-AM--2009"><span class="Hyperlink">El Kelesh et al., 2009</span></a>; <a href="#Abdel-Wahab-A--Abdel--Maogood-S--2011"><span class="Hyperlink">Abdel-Wahab and Abdel–Maogood, 2011</span></a>) in Egypt.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The prevalence of <span class="CharOverride-9">Giardia </span>in camels was 24% which was too lower than 100% documented in Iraqi by <a href="#Radhy-AM--Khalaf-JM--Faraj-AA--2013"><span class="Hyperlink">Radhy et al. (2013)</span></a>. On the other hand <a href="#Beck-R--Sprong-H--Bata-I--Lucinger-S--Pozio-E--Simone-M--2011"><span class="Hyperlink">Beck et al. (2011)</span></a> confirmed the absence of <span class="CharOverride-9">Giardia</span> in Croatia. These differences could be attributed to difference in environment condition between the countries besides the difference in the number of camels included in these studies. Similarly, the prevalence of <span class="CharOverride-9">Entameba </span>spp. (20%) was not much differed from (17.85%) reported by <a href="#Rewatka-SG--Deshmukh-SS--Deshkar-SK--Maske-DK--Jumde-PD--Bhangale-GN--2009"><span class="Hyperlink">Rewatka et al. (2009)</span></a> in migratory.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-3">In Camels according to Age</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">In <a href="#Table-2-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 2</span></a>, it was shown that highest estimations of <span class="CharOverride-9">Cryptosporidium </span>spp. and <span class="CharOverride-9">Entameba </span>spp. were 75% and 29.16% in age (3-<span class="CharOverride-22">&lt;</span>6 years), respectively. While the highest estimation of <span class="CharOverride-9">Giardia </span>spp. was 29.41% in age 6≤ years. Statistical analysis shows that the differences in prevalence among age categories are significant (P &lt; 0.01) in <span class="CharOverride-9">Cryptosporidium </span>spp. and <span class="CharOverride-9">Entameba </span>spp. (P &lt; 0.05), while the differences in prevalence of <span class="CharOverride-9">Giardia </span>spp. was not significant.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The highest infection rate of<span class="CharOverride-9"> Cryptosporidium </span>spp. in camels found at age (3≤ 6 years). These results agreed with the previous studies which showed that the highest rate of infection appeared at age group of (2-&lt;4) years (<a href="#Hamza-MA--2007"><span class="Hyperlink">Hamza, 2007</span></a>)<span class="CharOverride-8"> in AL-Qadysiya Province, Iraq</span>. Also this percentage was almost compatible with the result obtained by <a href="#Razavi-SM--Oryan-A--Bahrami-S--Mohammadalipour-A--Gowhari-M--2009"><span class="Hyperlink">Razavi et al. (2009)</span></a> in Iran who found that the highest percentage was at the age of &lt;5 years. The high prevalence rate of<span class="CharOverride-9"> Cryptosporidium </span>spp. in camels in our study could be attributed to the risk of infection through environmental contamination due to grazing with other infected animals or to the spreading of manure (<a href="#Razavi-SM--Oryan-A--Bahrami-S--Mohammadalipour-A--Gowhari-M--2009"><span class="Hyperlink">Razavi et al., 2009</span></a>).&#9;</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The highest infection rate of <span class="CharOverride-9">Giardia </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">.</span> was found at the 6≤ age. This could be due to increase susceptibility to the <span class="CharOverride-9">Giardia</span> infection with age progress because of increased exposure to causative agent with increased water and feeds intake, also the change in the physiological status in females such as parturient and suckling periods as well as, the difference of hormonal excretion, all these represent a stress factors which caused a decline in immunity level and then would increase to the opportunity of infections. The highest infection rate of <span class="CharOverride-9">Entameba </span>spp. (29.16% ) at age 3- 6&lt; year was higher than the 17.85% recorded by <a href="#Rewatka-SG--Deshmukh-SS--Deshkar-SK--Maske-DK--Jumde-PD--Bhangale-GN--2009"><span class="Hyperlink">Rewatka et al. (2009)</span></a>.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-3">Among Camel’s Breeders according to Sex</p>
			<p class="Body-Text"><a href="#Table-3-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 3</span></a> showed the prevalence of<span class="CharOverride-9"> Cryptosporidium </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">.</span>,<span class="CharOverride-9"> Giardia </span>spp. and <span class="CharOverride-9">Entameba </span>spp. of camel’s breeders according to sex. The infection rates of Cryptosporidiosis in males and females were 57.14% and 54.54%, respectively.<span class="CharOverride-9"> </span>The prevalence of giardiasis was 21.42% in the males and 14.28% in the females. While the prevalence of Entamebaiasis was 14.28% and 18.18% in the males and females respectively. The highest prevalence was found in <span class="CharOverride-9">Cryptosporidium </span>spp. (56%), whereas the lowest was found in <span class="CharOverride-9">Entameba </span>spp. </p>
		  <p class="Body-Text">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-1-"></a>Table 1: </span>Prevalence of<span class="CharOverride-9"> Cryptosporidium </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">.</span>,<span class="CharOverride-9"> Giardia </span>spp. and <span class="CharOverride-9">Entameba </span>spp. in camels according to sex</p>
			<table width="658" height="163" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-1">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-24">Sex</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-24">Total animals</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-25">Cryptosporidium </span><span class="CharOverride-24">spp.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-25"> Giardia </span><span class="CharOverride-24">spp.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-25"> Entameba </span><span class="CharOverride-24">spp.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">No. of Positive</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">(%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">No. of positive</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">(%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">No. of positive</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">(%)</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">Males</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">33</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">21</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">63.63</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">6</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">18.18</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">6</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">18.18</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">Females</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">67</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">40</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">59.70</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">18</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">26.86</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">14</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">20.89</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">Total</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">100</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">61</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">61</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">24</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">24</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">20</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">20</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">Chi sq</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.14</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.91</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.10</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">P value</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.70</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.33</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.75</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-2-"></a>Table 2: </span>Prevalence of<span class="CharOverride-9"> Cryptosporidium </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">.</span>,<span class="CharOverride-9"> Giardia </span>spp. and <span class="CharOverride-9">Entameba </span>spp. in camels according to age</p>
			<table width="657" height="163" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-2">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-24">Age/Year</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-24">Total animals</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-25">Cryptosporidium </span><span class="CharOverride-24">spp.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-24"> </span><span class="CharOverride-25">Giardia </span><span class="CharOverride-24">spp.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-25"> Entameba </span><span class="CharOverride-24">spp.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">No. of Positive</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">(%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">No. of positive</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">(%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">No. of positive</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">(%)</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">&lt;3</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">42</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">28</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">66.66</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">10</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">23.80</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">11</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">26.19</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">3-&lt;6</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">24</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">18</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">75</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">4</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">16.66</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">7</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">29.16</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">6≤</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">34</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">10</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">29.41</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">10</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">29.41</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">2</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">5.88</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">Chi sq</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">15.21</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">1.25</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">6.50</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">P value</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">&lt;0.01</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.53</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">&lt;0.05</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-3-"></a>Table 3: </span>Prevalence of<span class="CharOverride-9"> Cryptosporidium </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">.</span>,<span class="CharOverride-9"> Giardia </span>spp. and <span class="CharOverride-9">Entameba </span>spp. infection among breeders contact with camels according to sex of breeders</p>
			<table width="657" height="163" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-3">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-24">Sex</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-24">Total b</span><span class="CharOverride-24">reeders</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-25">Cryptosporidium </span><span class="CharOverride-24">spp.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-25"> Giardia </span><span class="CharOverride-24">spp.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-25"> Entameba </span><span class="CharOverride-24">spp.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">No. of Positive</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">(%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">No. of positive</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">(%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">No. of positive</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">(%)</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">Males</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">14</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">8</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">57.14</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">3</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">21.42</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">2</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">14.28</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">Females</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">11</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">6</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">54.54</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">2</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">18.18</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">2</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">18.18</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">Total</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">25</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">14</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">56</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">5</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">20</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">4</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">16</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">Chi sq</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.01</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.04</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.06</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">P value</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.89</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.84</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.79</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-4-"></a>Table 4: </span>Prevalence of<span class="CharOverride-9"> Cryptosporidium </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">.</span>,<span class="CharOverride-9"> Giardia </span>spp. and <span class="CharOverride-9">Entameba </span>spp. infection among breeders in regards to contact with camels according to age of breeders</p>
			<table width="658" height="142" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-4">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-24">Sex</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-24">Total Breeders</span></p>
						</td>
						<td height="21" colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-25">Cryptosporidium </span><span class="CharOverride-24">spp.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-25"> Giardia </span><span class="CharOverride-24">spp.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-25"> Entameba </span><span class="CharOverride-24">spp.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td height="21">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">No. of Positive</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">(%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">No. of positive</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">(%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">No. of positive</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">(%)</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td height="21">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">&lt;30</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">11</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">6</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">54.54</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">1</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">9.09</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">1</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">9.09</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td height="21">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">30-60</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">14</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">7</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">50</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">4</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">28.75</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">3</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">21.42</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td height="21">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">Chi sq</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.05</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">1.46</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.69</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td height="21">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">P value</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.82</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.22</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.40</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Table-5-"></a>Table 5: </span>Comparison of infection rate between camels and their breeders</p>
			<table width="657" height="140" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-5">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-24">Sex</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-24">Total No.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-25">Cryptosporidium </span><span class="CharOverride-24">spp.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-25"> Giardia </span><span class="CharOverride-24">spp.</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-25"> Entameba </span><span class="CharOverride-24">spp.</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">No. of Positive</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">(%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">No. of positive</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">(%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">No. of positive</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">(%)</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">Camels</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">100</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">61</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">61</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">24</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">24</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">20</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">20</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">camel&apos;s breeders</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">25</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">14</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">56</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">5</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">20</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">4</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">16</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">Chi sq</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.20</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.17</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.20</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">P value</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.64</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.67</span></p>
						</td>
						<td />
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-26">0.64</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-18">The probability less than 0.01 or 0.05 was significant (P&lt;0.05) (P&lt;0.01)</span></p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">(16%) and <span class="CharOverride-9">Giardia </span>spp. (20%). All differences between males and females across all types of protozoa were not significant. </p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-3 ParaOverride-1">Among Camel’s Breeders according to Age of Breeders</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The results obtained in <a href="#Table-4-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 4</span></a> the highest infection rate of <span class="CharOverride-9">Cryptosporidium </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">.</span> was 54.54% at age &lt;30years while the highest infection rates of<span class="CharOverride-9"> Giardia </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">. and Entameba </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">. </span>Were 28.75% and 21.42% in age 30-60 years, respectively. Statistical analysis shows that the differences in prevalence among age categories across the three types of protozoa were not significant.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The <a href="#Table-3-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 3</span></a> and <a href="#Table-4-"><span class="Hyperlink">4</span></a> show that there were no effects of the age and sex on the prevalence of<span class="CharOverride-9"> Cryptosporidium </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">.</span> of camels breeders. These results were in agreement with <a href="#Sazmand-A---Rasooli-A---Nouri-M---Hamidinejat-H--Hekmatimoghaddam-S--2012-"><span class="Hyperlink">Sazmand et al. (2012)</span></a> in Iran who recorded the prevalence of<span class="CharOverride-9"> Cryptosporidium </span>spp. in camel’s breeders as 24% this percentage was lower than prevalence of <span class="CharOverride-9">Cryptosporidium </span>spp. found in our study which was 56% in camel’s breeders, while the prevalence of <span class="CharOverride-9">Giardia </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">. </span>and<span class="CharOverride-9"> Entamoeba </span>spp<span class="CharOverride-9">. </span>was 20% and 16%, respectively. These percentages were higher than&#160;percentage 6.6% and 1.7% reported by <a href="#Mahdi-NK--Ali-NH--2002"><span class="Hyperlink">Mahdi and Ali (2002)</span></a> for animals handlers and non-animal handlers respectively. On the other hand,&#160;<span class="CharOverride-9">Entamoeba&#160;</span>in the animals handlers was 7 out of 60 (11.6%) while in non-animal handlers was 8 out of 175 (4.5%).</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM- ParaOverride-1">Comparison of Infection Rate between Camels and their Breeders</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Results in <a href="#Table-5-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 5</span></a> show that the infection rates in camel’s breeders and camels were nearly close with non- significant differences across the three types of protozoa. The trend of infection of the three types of protozoa in camel’s breeders is parallel to the trend of infection rates in camels (<a href="#Figure-1-"><span class="Hyperlink">Figure 1</span></a>). This could represent evidence about the mutual infection between camel’s breeders and camels.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			
            <div class="pt" > <a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150708042819.png" target="new"><img class="img_display" src="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150708042819.png" width="80" height="80"></a>
            
           <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-6"><a id="Figure-1-"></a>Figure 1: </span><a href="http://nexusacademicpublishers.com/uploads/figures/20150708042819.png">Relationship between camels and their breeders</a></p>
       </div>


		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">CONCLUSION</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The study conclude the high prevalence values of the intestinal protozoa were detected in camels and camel’s breeders. The prevalence values seems to be parallel between camels and camels breeders who <span class="CharOverride-10">in touch with camels.</span> This could be an evidence of the association infection between camels and camel’s breeders.</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">ACKNOWLEDGMENT</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The authors would like to thank the Department of Zoonotic Unit and Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq for their advice and support.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">CONFLICT OF INTEREST</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">AUTHORS CONTRIBUTION</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">All authors contributed equally in all details of this manuscript.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">REFERENCES</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
		
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