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			<p class="title- ParaOverride-1">Effect of Magnetic Water Drinking on Testis Dimension, Scrotal Circumference and Blood Parameters of Holstein Bulls Born in Iraq</p>
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			<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2" xml:lang="en-US">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Normal ParaOverride-2" xml:lang="en-US"><span class="Authors CharOverride-1" xml:lang="en-GB">Al-Nuemi Saddam Hussein</span><span class="Authors CharOverride-2" xml:lang="en-GB">1</span><span class="Authors CharOverride-1" xml:lang="en-GB">, Al-Badry Kreem Iwaid</span><span class="Authors CharOverride-2" xml:lang="en-GB">1</span><span class="Authors CharOverride-1" xml:lang="en-GB">, Atteyh Adel Jabir</span><span class="Authors CharOverride-2" xml:lang="en-GB">1</span><span class="Authors CharOverride-1" xml:lang="en-GB">, Al-Sabeea Wafa Sami</span><span class="Authors CharOverride-2" xml:lang="en-GB">2</span><span class="Authors CharOverride-1" xml:lang="en-GB">, Ibrahim Faris Faisel</span><span class="Authors CharOverride-2" xml:lang="en-GB">3</span><span class="Authors CharOverride-1" xml:lang="en-GB">, Rajab Basima Abd</span><span class="Authors CharOverride-2" xml:lang="en-GB">3</span></p>
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			<p class="Affiliations ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-3">1</span>College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad; <span class="CharOverride-3">2</span>Ministry of Science and Technology, Iraq; <span class="CharOverride-3">3</span>Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Artificial Insemination Center, Baghdad, Iraq.</p>
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			<p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-4">Abstract</span> | This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of magnetic water treatment on testis dimensions, scrotal circumference and levels of blood parameters for Holstein bulls born in Iraq.  Sixteen Holstein bulls born in Iraq were selected on basis of age 17-19 months (8 bulls) and 29-32months (8 bulls). Bulls of both age groups were divided randomly into two groups equally (control and treated group with magnetic water). Results showed a significant rise (p&lt;0.05) in testis dimensions and scrotal circumferences in treated group as compared with control bulls for age at 17-18 month. Furthermore, the results showed significant (p&lt;0.05) differences in red blood cells (RBC), Packed cell volume (PCV) and Hemoglobin (Hb) of treated bulls for age 17-18 and 29-32 month compared with control. Also, significant (p&lt;0.05) differences were found in white blood cells (WBC) for treated bulls age 29-32 month compare with control. It is concluded that magnetic water can be used for the development of artificial insemination program in Iraq which can effect reproductive efficiency of bulls.</p>
		  <p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-4">Keywords</span> | Magnetic water, Testis dimension, Blood parameter, Bull, Iraq</p>
		  <p class="Abstract ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
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			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-4">Editor</span> | Kuldeep Dhama, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India.</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-4">Received</span> | May 03, 2015; <span class="CharOverride-4">Revised</span> | June 02, 2015; <span class="CharOverride-4">Accepted</span> | June 04, 2015; <span class="CharOverride-4">Published</span> | June 21, 2015&#9;&#9;</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-4">*Correspondence </span>| <span class="Authors CharOverride-5">Al-Badry Kreem Iwaid</span>, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; <span class="CharOverride-4">Email:</span> kreem54@yahoo.com</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-4">Citation</span> | Al-Nuemi SH, Al-Badry KI, Atteyh AJ, Al-Sabeea WS, Ibrahim FF, Rajab BA (2015). Effect of magnetic water drinking on testis dimension, scrotal circumference and blood parameters of holstein bulls born in Iraq. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 3(7): 413-417.  </p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-4">DOI</span> | <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.aavs/2015/3.7.413.417"><span class="Hyperlink">http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.aavs/2015/3.7.413.417</span></a></p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="Editor---Citation CharOverride-4">ISSN (Online)</span> | 2307-8316; <span class="Editor---Citation CharOverride-4">ISSN (Print)</span> | 2309-3331</p>
			<p class="Editor----Citation"><span class="CharOverride-4">Copyright</span> © 2015 Al-Nuemi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>
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			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">INTRODUCTION</p>
			<p class="Caps-on-First-Para ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Caps-on-First-Para ParaOverride-1"><span class="_idGenDropcap-1">W</span><span>ater </span>and life are closely linked; water is the blood of life. It is needed to transport compounds via the blood, maintain cellular structural integrity, regulate temperature etc. (<a href="#Reuter-R--2004"><span class="Hyperlink">Reuter, 2004</span></a>), many researches studied the negative changes in natural water after sterilization and called this water (dead water), so magnetic water transfer water from dead to live (<a href="#Batmanghelidj-F--2005"><span class="Hyperlink">Batmanghelidj, 2005</span></a>). Magnetic water means passing water from magnetic tubes, by putting magnet in water so properties of water turn into very fertile and active causing high oxygen ratio, velocity of dissolution salts and amino acids in water (<a href="#Batmanghelidj-F--2005"><span class="Hyperlink">Batmanghelidj, 2005</span></a>). Increased penetration and flexibility of water (<a href="#Davis-B--2004"><span class="Hyperlink">Davis, 2004</span></a>) and absorption of water from the body can decrease superficial tying in water (<a href="#Szkatula-A--Balanda-M--Kopic-M--2002-"><span class="Hyperlink">Szkatula et al., 2002</span></a>). These characteristics of water can increase the following:</p>
		  <p class="Caps-on-First-Para ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			
			  <li class="Body-Text ParaOverride-3">circumlocution of blood and oxygen </li>
				<li class="Body-Text ParaOverride-3">transport of food in blood (<a href="#Morgan-T--1988"><span class="Hyperlink">Morgan, 1988</span></a>)</li>
				<li class="Body-Text ParaOverride-3">transport of calcium ions which expedite cure of nerve tissue and bones (<a href="#Korpan-NN--Saradeth-T-1995"><span class="Hyperlink">Korpan and Saradeth, 1995</span></a>) </li>
				<li class="Body-Text ParaOverride-3">ability of body for Production general hormones (<a href="#Al-Sabeea-WS--2008"><span class="Hyperlink">Al-Sabbeea, 2008</span></a>)</li>
				<li class="Body-Text ParaOverride-3">activity of enzymes (<a href="#Al-Sabeea-WS--2008"><span class="Hyperlink">Al-Sabbeea, 2008</span></a>)</li>
				<li class="Body-Text ParaOverride-3">getting rid of internal poisons produced from metabolism</li>
				<li class="Body-Text ParaOverride-3">increase internal poisons absorption (<a href="#Cho-IY--2005"><span class="Hyperlink">Cho, 2005</span></a>)</li>
				<li class="Body-Text ParaOverride-3">improved semen characteristics, fertility rate (<span class="Hyperlink">Alfonso, 2006</span>)</li>
				<li class="Body-Text ParaOverride-3">sexual hormones (<a href="#Al-Sabeea-WS--2008"><span class="Hyperlink">Al-Sabbeea, 2008</span></a>) </li>
		  <li class="Body-Text ParaOverride-3">blood picture (<a href="#Stanis-AW--Wiesaw-S--Andrzej-D--Andrzej-R--2001"><span class="Hyperlink">Stanis et al., 2001</span></a>)</li>
			
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Numerous studies about this technique were used in sheep and goat in Iraq and gave positive results especially about testis dimensions, scrotal circumference and blood parameters. Although, not any study is performed about artificial insemination in bulls in Iraq. For the reason, the present study was designed to know how this technique can be used for development of artificial insemination program in. Another aim of the study was to judge how the technique effect the bulls of different age.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">MATERIAL and METHOD</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Animals </p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">This study was carried out at Artificial Insemination Center, Abou Ghareeb. Sixteen Holstein bulls born in Iraq were selected on the basis of age 17-19 months (8 bulls) and 29-32 months (8 bulls). From each age group, bulls were divided randomly into two groups equally (control and treated group). In control bulls, tap water wass used for drinking. In contrast, treated bulls were drinking magnetic water through using the system of magnetic water with dipolar or bipolar. Magenetic water was manufactured in the laboratory of technology office of water treatment of Ministry of Science and Technology in a power of 2000 gauss. The water was served at morning and evening prior to consumption of concentrated food to ensure drinking of a large amount of water .</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Testis Dimensions and Scrotal Circumference</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1"> The length and width of testis and the scrotum circumferences were then measured at each month by using tape (<a href="#Coulter-GH--1991-"><span class="Hyperlink">Coulter, 1991</span></a>). </p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Blood Samples</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Five ml of blood was collected from jugular vein from all animals (treatment and control) at the beginning to the end of the experiment once in each month. Of the collected bool, 2.5 ml centrifugated at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes to obtain serum for measuring total protein by using Tossoh System. The other 2.5 ml of blood was stored in a test tube containing anticoagulant (EDTA). For measurement of hemoglobin ((Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total number of white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC), Diogon system was applied. </p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Statistical Analysis</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Statistical analysis was performed using SAS (Statistical Analysis System-version 9.1) (<a href="#SAS--2010"><span class="Hyperlink">SAS, 2010</span></a>). Lease significant differences (LSD) test was used to assess significant difference between means. p&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">RESULTS and DISCUSSION</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Testis Dimensions and Scrotal Circumference </p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Results in <a href="#Table-1-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 1</span></a> show that the length of right and left testis of treated group age 17-18 month increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) compared with control, also the width of the right and left testis of treated group of same age increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) as compared to control. Moreover,<a href="#Table-1-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 1</span></a> revealed that scrotal circumference for the treated group also increases significantly (p&lt;0.05) as compared with control. These results of the present study about testis dimensions and scrotal circumferences are in agreement with <a href="#Atteyh-AJ--2008"><span class="Hyperlink">Atteyh (2008</span></a><span class="Hyperlink">)</span> who found significant increase in testis dimension for treated buck and <a href="#Yassin-H--AL-Dori-D--2011-"><span class="Hyperlink">Yassen and Al-Dori (2011)</span></a><span class="hps CharOverride-8"> found the similar results for lambs</span>. This benefit of magnetic water on testis dimension and scrotal circumferences may be this magnetic water enhance the digestion absorption of growth functions cell and circulating system (<a href="#Lebeau-J--2001-."><span class="Hyperlink">Lebeau, 2001</span></a>; <a href="#Hussen-MA--2002-"><span class="Hyperlink">Hussen, 2002</span></a>), and increase the <span class="hps CharOverride-8">feed conversion efficiency</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">by reducing the</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">surface tension</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">and</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">increase</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">the permeability of</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">the cells</span>, and <span class="hps CharOverride-8">this</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">allows</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">the expansion of</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">the gut</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">to</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">take advantage of food</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">and therefore,</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">an improvement</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">in</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">the dimensions of</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">the body. On the other hand, increase in</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">the dimensions of</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">the body</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">is the inevitable result of</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">an increase in</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">the dimensions of</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">the testis.</span> It <span class="hps CharOverride-8">is one of the</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">body parts</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">and</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">there is</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">significant correlation</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">between</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">the dimensions of</span> <span class="hps CharOverride-8">the body and</span> testis dimensions and between scrotal circumferences with testis dimensions (<a href="#Sarder-MJU--2005"><span class="Hyperlink">Sarder, 2005</span></a>). Moreover, many authors (<a href="#Adedeji-TA--Ojedepo-LO--Akeneku-O--Farinu-GO--2005-"><span class="Hyperlink">Adedeji et al., 2005</span></a>; <a href="#Casas-E--Lunstra-D--Cundiff-L--Ford-J--2007"><span class="Hyperlink">Casas et al., 2007</span></a>; <a href="#Perry-G--Petterson-D--2011"><span class="Hyperlink">Perry and Petterson, 2011</span></a>) discovered that scrotal traits in bulls were closely related to body size and weight. But results in <a href="#Table-1-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 1</span></a><span class="Hyperlink"> </span>revealed that there was no significant difference in testis dimensions and scrotal circumferences of treated group for age 29-32 month compared with control group of bulls aged from 17-19 months. <a href="#Coulter-GH--1991-"><span class="Hyperlink">Coulter (1991)</span></a> reported that scrotal circumferences increased rapidly in young bulls, gradually rise in mature bulls and decline in old bulls due to senile atrophy. <a href="#Addass-PA--2011-"><span class="Hyperlink">Addass (2011)</span></a><span class="CharOverride-4"> </span>revealed that testis dimensions increased lineary with increasing age of bulls until two years where at 13 month of age, bulls reached a scrotal circumference of 33 cm (<a href="#Casas-E--Lunstra-D--Cundiff-L--Ford-J--2007"><span class="Hyperlink">Casas et al., 2007</span></a>) and 32-33 cm (<a href="#Ahmad-M--Asmat-MT--Rehman-NU--2005"><span class="Hyperlink">Ahmed et al., 2005</span></a>), whereas <a href="#Sosa-JM--Senger-PL--Reeves-JJ--2002"><span class="Hyperlink">Sosa et al. (2002)</span></a> showed a scrotal circumference of only 30 cm at similar age.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-2--History-in-MM-">Blood Parameters</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Results in <a href="#Table-2-"><span class="Hyperlink">Table 2</span></a> revealed that a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in RBC, PCV and Hb of treated group as compared with control bulls whether age 17-18 and 29-32 month, furthermore, the same table show that WBC of treated group for age 29-32 month increase significant (p&lt;0.05) as compared to control. A significant increase in PCV and Hb is also found by <a href="#Atteyh-AJ--2008"><span class="Hyperlink">Atteyh (2008</span></a><span class="Hyperlink">)</span> for buck and <a href="#Mahdi-AS--2012-"><span class="Hyperlink">Mahdi (2012)</span></a> and <a href="#Shamsaldin-KZ--Al-Rawee-EA--2012"><span class="Hyperlink">Shamsaldin and Al-Rawee (2012)</span></a> found in ram. There are other studies showing a significant increase ( p&lt;0.05) in Hb for lambs (<a href="#Al-Sabeea-WS--2008"><span class="Hyperlink">Al-Sabaa, 2008</span></a>), ewes (<a href="#Kamil-AM--2011"><span class="Hyperlink">Kamil, 2011</span></a>) and in fish (<a href="#Khalid-A--Rasheed-O--Abdulmotalib-J--Al-Rudainy--Eman-SK--2012"><span class="Hyperlink">Khalid et al., 2012</span></a>). The benefit of magnetic water on PCV and Hb may be attributed to increase in production of these cells from bone marrow, circulatory system under effect of hormonal factors (<a href="#Mbasa-SCK--Poulsen-JSD--1991"><span class="Hyperlink">Mbasa and Poulsen, 1991</span></a>) or magnetic may water improves the immune system of animal (<a href="#Johnson-MT--Vanscoy-Cornett-A-Vesper-DN--2001"><span class="Hyperlink">Jonsen et al., 2001</span></a>; <a href="#Salem-A--Abdelmelek-H--Ben-Salem-M--Abidi-R--Mohsen-H--2006"><span class="Hyperlink">Salem et al., 2006</span></a>) or may be magnetic water decreases viscosity of blood and increase movement of blood in vessels which caused high movement of Hb (<a href="#Milewski-S--2004"><span class="Hyperlink">Mile-Wski, 2004</span></a>). </p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-4"><a id="Table-1-"></a>Table 1:</span> Effect of magnetic water on testis dimension and scrotal circumference for Holstein bulls born in Iraq (Means±SE)</p>
			<table width="657" height="165" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-1">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-10">Parameters</span></p>
						</td>
						<td height="21" colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-10">Age 17-18 month</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-10">LSD value</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-10">Age 29-32 month</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-10">LSD value</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td height="21">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">Treatment</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">Control</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">Treatment</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">Control</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td height="21">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">Testis left width (cm)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">5.22 ± 0.08</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">4.20 ± 0.07</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">0.217 *</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">6.25 ± 0.34</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">6.78 ± 0.23</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">0.845 NS</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td height="21">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">Testis right width (cm)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">5.91 ± 0.13</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">4.54 ± 0.10</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">0.324 *</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">7.88 ± 0.22</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">7.21 ± 0.22</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">0.646 NS</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td height="21">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">Testis left length (cm)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">17.07 ± 0.35</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">15.51 ± 0.19</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">0.769 *</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">21.71 ± 1.16</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">20.06 ± 0.61</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">2.739 NS</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td height="21">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">Testis right length (cm)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">18.35 ± 0.31</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">16.75 ± 0.26</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">0.821 *</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">22.18 ± 1.22</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">21.93 ± 0.86</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">3.098 NS</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td height="21">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">Scrotal circumference (cm)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">35.42 ± 0.34</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">33.94 ± 0.26</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">0.853 *</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">40.87 ± 0.65</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">39.73 ± 0.90</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">2.254 NS</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-12">* (P&lt;0.05);</span><span class="CharOverride-13"> NS:</span><span class="CharOverride-12"> Non-significant</span></p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-4"><a id="Table-2-"></a>Table 2:</span> Effect of magnetic water on blood parameters for Holstein bulls born in Iraq (Means± SE)</p>
			<table width="657" height="163" class="Table-Style-1" id="table-2">
				<colgroup>
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
					<col />
				</colgroup>
				<tbody>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-10">Parameters</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-10">Age 17-18 month</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-10">LSD value</span></p>
						</td>
						<td colspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-10">Age 29-32 month</span></p>
						</td>
						<td rowspan="2">
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-10">LSD value</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">Treatment</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">Control</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">Treatment</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">Control</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">RBC (x 10/L)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">7.43 ± 0.06 </span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">6.57 ± 0.08 </span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">0.212 *</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">7.77 ± 0.21</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">6.54 ± 0.24</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">0.675 *</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">PCV (%)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">30.18 ± 0.25</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">28.19 ± 0.35 </span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">0.915 *</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">34.74 ± 0.73</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">32.03 ± 1.03</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">2.623 *</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">HB (g/dl)</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">12.55 ± 0.13</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">10.92 ± 0.13</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">0.383 *</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">12.47 ± 0.29</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">11.19 ± 0.38</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">0.999 *</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-2">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">WBC (×10/L )</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">18.62 ± 2.61</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">14.53 ± 1.08</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">5.265 NS</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">9.16 ± 0.35</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">7.05 ± 0.88</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">1.965 *</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
					<tr class="_idGenTableRowColumn-1">
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">Total protein (g/dl )</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">6.92 ± 0.14</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">6.80 ± 0.16</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">0.458 NS</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">6.46 ± 0.26</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">6.00 ± 0.52</span></p>
						</td>
						<td>
							<p class="Basic-Paragraph"><span class="CharOverride-11">1.216 NS</span></p>
						</td>
					</tr>
				</tbody>
			</table>
			<p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
		  <p class="Figure--and-Table-Heading ParaOverride-1"><span class="CharOverride-12">* (P&lt;0.05);</span><span class="CharOverride-13"> NS:</span><span class="CharOverride-12"> Non-significan; </span><span class="CharOverride-13">RBC</span><span class="CharOverride-12">= Red Blood Cells, </span><span class="CharOverride-13">PCV</span><span class="CharOverride-12"> = Packed cell volume, </span><span class="CharOverride-13">HB</span><span class="CharOverride-12">= Hemoglobin, </span><span class="CharOverride-13">WBC</span><span class="CharOverride-12"> = White Blood Cells</span></p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">In addition, the present study show that a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in RBC (in agreement to <a href="#Shamsaldin-KZ--Al-Rawee-EA--2012"><span class="Hyperlink">Shamsaldin and Al-Rawee (2012)</span></a>) could be attributed to magnetic water causing increased production and transferred large amount of RBC (<a href="#Laycock-DC--2007"><span class="Hyperlink">Laycock, 2007</span></a>) and to elaborate blood vessel and increase in movement of RBC to changes of nutrition and transferred of oxygen to cells (<a href="#Kulish-P--2004-."><span class="Hyperlink">Kulish, 2004</span></a>), or may be magnetic field causes increase in attract iron from the blood and then connect the blood in large quantities and thus increase number of RBC and Hb (<a href="#Rokicki-R--2006-."><span class="Hyperlink">Rokicki, 2006</span></a>). This is consistent with the findings of the (<a href="#Michael-M--Yoshitaka-M--2002"><span class="Hyperlink">Michael and Yoshitaka, 2002</span></a>) who pointed to the possibility of water treatment magnetically to expel toxins and get rid of the cells which when compared to the results of the values of hemoglobin concentration between weeks, presence of a positive effect of the water treatment was noticed. </p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Magnetically by maintaining hemoglobin levels compared with the control groups, and this is due to the possibility of magnetically treated water to increase the solubility of metal salts and nutrients, especially iron, which have been more willing to penetrate the membrane of cells and blood cells, and this is identical to what reached (<a href="#Skeldon-P--1990"><span class="Hyperlink">Skeldon, 1990</span></a>), who pointed out the importance of treated water magnetically to increase and improve the absorption of nutrients, minerals and water in the body, as are gatherings treated water magnetically smaller, more energetic and able to transit easily through the walls of the cells to transport nutrients and remove waste, as noted (<a href="#Salem-A--Abdelmelek-H--Ben-Salem-M--Abidi-R--Mohsen-H--2006"><span class="Hyperlink">Salem </span><span class="Hyperlink">et al., 2006</span></a>) to the high proportion of hemoglobin up to 10% in experimental animals after treatment with magnetic fields. As a result of the impact of the treated water magnetically in the blood to make it a high potential in the processing of the body’s cells and tissues of different nutrition appropriate to perform its best of its biological, leading to the lifting capacity of organs and tissues hematopoietic like liver, kidney and spleen, to produce blood, which is similar to the findings of <a href="#Verheyen--G--2003"><span class="Hyperlink">Verheyen (2003)</span></a> and <a href="#MTC--2006"><span class="Hyperlink">MTC (2006)</span></a> also due to the positive impact of water treatment magnetically increase in metabolic reactions in the tissues (<a href="#Santwani-MT--2000-"><span class="Hyperlink">Santwani, 2000</span></a>). <a href="#AL-Hassani-ZH--2000"><span class="Hyperlink">Al- Hassani (2000)</span></a> and <a href="#Mustafa-MA--2007"><span class="Hyperlink">Mustafa (2007)</span></a> confirmed that high blood viscosity in chicks that dealt with water processors magnetically due to increased numbers of RBC in addition to the increase blood vessels compared to a set of control which had a role in accelerating the process of blood clotting, which could be due to contain small amounts of thromboplastin. Improvements in the PCV due to the effect of the magnetic water on thyroid gland by increasing the activity of the pituitary gland in the liberation stimulating hormone (Thyrotrophic stimulation hormone), and this is consistent with <a href="#Santwani-MT--2000-"><span class="Hyperlink">Santwani (2000)</span></a> who pointed out that the importance of the magnetic field in raising hormone which works to increase the production of RBC and thus increases PCV. A significant impact for magnetic field in the functions of the organism, especially components and characteristics of blood (<a href="#Goodman-R--Blank-M--2002"><span class="Hyperlink">Goodman and Blank, 2002</span></a>). Another blood parameter which evaluated in this is study total protein. Results revealed that t<span class="hps CharOverride-8">otal protein for treatment group did not different significant as compared with control for both two ages of bulls</span>. <a href="#Khalisa-K--Ali-AM--2012-."><span class="Hyperlink">Khalisa and Ali (2012)</span></a> revealed that drinking magnetic water had beneficial effect on some physiological aspects manifested by a significant elevation in total serum proteins of male rabbits, but <a href="#Atteyh-AJ--2008"><span class="Hyperlink">Atteyh ( 2008)</span></a> show increase in total protein of bucks after drinking magnetic water. From the above researchers means that the effect of magnetic water on total protein of blood may be differed from species to another and increase significantly in some components of blood without increase in others such as total protein. <a href="#Sargolzehi-MM--Roken-Abadi-MR--Naserian-AA--2009"><span class="Hyperlink">Sargolzehi et al. (2009)</span></a> claimed that an increase in milk yield of dairy cattle consuming magnetic water without change in milk protein.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">CONCLUSION</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">The study conclude that magnetic water increases testis dimensions, scrotal circumferences, RBC and PCV only for age 17- 18 month, whereas, it has positive effect in Hb and WBC only for bulls of 29-32 month.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">This study was carried out in the Artificial Insemination Center, Iraq (AI Center). The authors would like to thank every member in the AI Center, especially to the Dr. Kamel Fayath and Mr. Hatham Taha for their unlimited help.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">Author’s cONTRIBUTION</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">All authors contributed equally in all the efforts for this article.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">Conflict of Interest</p>
		  <p class="Heading-1--Introduction----">&nbsp;</p>
			<p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">Authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.</p>
		  <p class="Body-Text ParaOverride-1">&nbsp;</p>
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