To cite this article: Almuoswi, H.J.N., Al-Hraishawi, I.A.L., Alumeri, J.K. and Neamah, A.J., 2026. Blood-based expression of metabolic (LEP, ADIPOQ, INS) and inflammatory (IL-10, TNF-α) biomarkers in Iraqi individuals with obesity and diabetes: A case-control study. Punjab Univ. J. Zool., 41(1): 75-83. https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pujz/2026/41.1.75.83