Research Article

Analysis of Livestock Resources Potential for the Development of Dairy Cattle in Getasan Sub-district, Semarang Regency

Sutrisno Hadi Purnomo1*, Lilis Hartati2 and Rahma Wulan Idayanti3

1Dept of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret Jl. Ir Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia; 2Dept of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Tidar Jl. Barito 1, Kedungsari, Kec. Magelang Utara, Kota Magelang Indonesia.

Received | January 06, 2026; Accepted | April 28, 2026; Published | August 13, 2026

*Correspondence | Sutrisno Hadi Purnomo, Dept of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret Jl. Ir Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia; Email: [email protected]

Citation | Purnomo, S.H., L. Hartati and R.W. Idayanti. 2026. Analysis of livestock resources potential for the development of dairy cattle in getasan sub-district, Semarang Regency. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 42(4): 1380-1385.

DOI | https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2026/42.4.1380.1385

Keywords | Dairy cattle, Livestock resources, LQ, CIRLP, Forage capacity

Copyright: 2026 by the authors. Licensee ResearchersLinks Ltd, England, UK.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Introduction

The development of livestock has a very important role in the development of the national economy. This is reflected in the mission of livestock development, which among other things creates economic opportunities to increase income, helps create jobs, and conserves and utilizes natural resources supporting livestock (Kementan RI, 2019). Demand for livestock products will continue to increase along with the increase in population, income, awareness of the importance of consuming nutrition from animal protein, especially meat (Agus and Widi, 2018). The type of meat-producing livestock that is popular and much in demand by the public is large ruminants, namely dairy cattle. Dairy cattle are mostly kept by people on the island of Java, although their development is still not optimal (Handayani, et al., 2018). This is because the island of Java has a good level of compatibility in the development of dairy cattle, both from the availability of feed ingredients, topography, climate, and land availability (Rahayu, et al., 2024).

The livestock sub-sector plays an important role in the rural economy in Semarang Regency. This is because most of the rural population in Semarang Regency is still dependent on agricultural and livestock products. In addition, in terms of the potential of the area, it is relatively easier to raise livestock. The environmental and climatic conditions are also very supportive for the development of dairy cattle in addition to the availability of livestock land and adequate land for feed ingredients. These aspects can provide added value for dairy cattle commodities to be developed. Getasan is one of the sub-sub-districts in Semarang Regency which is included as a center for dairy cattle development, because of its close position to the market. In addition, based on the results of the analysis of the Livestock Concentration Index (LCI) of Semarang Regency, it shows that Getasan Sub-district has the potential as a barn for ruminants, especially dairy cattle, which is 8,564 heads of the 52,192 heads of the total population in Semarang Regency (BPS Semarang, 2020).

Livestock resources that play an important role in the development of dairy cattle are natural resources, human resources, technology, capital and institutions (Rahayu et al., 2024). Research into the analysis of livestock resources potential for dairy cattle development has established foundational frameworks (e.g., carrying capacity, SWOT) for assessing regional suitability. However, current research indicates significant gaps, particularly regarding the availability of forage from grass and agricultural waste using LQ (Location quotient) and CIRLP (Capacity to Increase Ruminant Livestock Population). The five resources must complement each other, because it will not produce something optimal if only one source is used (Lamsihar, 2013). This study assesses farmer/livestock characteristics, base sector status via LQ, and forage capacity via CIRLP whether it belongs to the base or non-base sector, analyze the capacity or regional capacity in providing fodder in Getasan Sub-district, Semarang Regency . This study aims to (1) determine the state of livestock resources in the Getasan sub-district from in terms of the characteristics of breeders and livestock cultivation, (2) analyzing the base or non-base sectors in the Getasan sub-district, (3) analyzing the regional capacity in providing forage animal feed in Getasan Sub-district.

Material and Methods

Sampling methods

The population selected is dairy cattle breeders in Getasan Sub-district, Semarang Regency. Determination of sample by purposive sampling selected 60 farmers proportional to dairy cattle population (Nurgiyanto, 2002). The number of dairy cattle farmers in Getasan sub-district is 236 people. This study used a purposive sampling technique to determine a sample of 60 farmers with the criteria of having one lactating dairy cow and one year of livestock farming experience. Sample size of 60 farmers representation across 13 villages from Getasan subdistrict, Semarang regency. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by conducting direct interviews with sample farmers who had been prepared in the form of a questionnaire and by direct observation in the field (Singarimbun and Effendi, 1989). Primary data is used to determine livestock resources, namely: livestock, breeders, capital, technology and the environment that supports the effort to develop dairy cattle.

Secondary data were obtained from relevant government agencies, namely from the Department of Agriculture and Livestock of Semarang Regency, the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Semarang Regency and related agencies. The variables used in this secondary data include the population of dairy cattle, the population of all types of livestock, the area of land used, the number of residents and various sources that support the object of research.

Data analysis

Descriptive analysis

Analysis in this study is used to describe the state of livestock resources in the Getasan Sub-district, both in terms of the characteristics of farmers and livestock cultivation.

Location quotient (LQ) analysis

The LQ method is used to analyze the state of an area whether an area is a basic sector or a non-base sector, in this case especially the dairy cattle population in Getasan Sub-district, Semarang Regency. LQ is formulated as follows:

LQ = Vi/Vt

where

• LQ : Location quotient
• vi : Village dairy cattle population
• vt : Number of village family heads
• Vi : Dairy cattle population of sub-district
• Vt : Number of head of sub-district family

If the LQ of a sector is more than or equal to 1 (≥ 1), then the sector is a base sector, whereas if the LQ of a sector is less than 1 (≤ 1), then the sector is a non-basic sector (Budiharsono, 2011)

Method ruminant population increased capacity (CIRLP)

The Ruminant Population Increased Capacity Method is an approach to demonstrate the capability or capacity of the region in providing fodder (Ayuni, 2005). This study uses the CIRLP method to calculate the increase in ruminant livestock capacity (Nell and Rollinson, 1974). In the CIRLP calculation formula, there is a Value (k) for each type of grass-producing land in Table 1 and there is a Value (j) for each type of straw-producing plants in Table 2.

CIRLP = RLC – Real Population

Real Population = Livestock that actually existed at the time of the study

where

• CIRLP: Capacity to increase ruminant livestock population
• RLC: Ruminant livestock capacity
• k: Coefficient of availability of grass-producing land
• Le: Area of grass-producing land (hectares)
• j: Coefficient of forage production
• Li: Forage-producing land for leftover agricultural products
• 15: Average pasture production (ton DM/hectares/year)
• 2.3: Every 1 unit of ruminant (AU) requires forage 2.3 tons of DM/ year
• AU: Animal unit

Results and Discussion

The dairy cattle population in Getasan District from 2021 to 2024 continues to increase and experience a slight decline in 2024 (Table 3). The highest increase in population occurred in 2021 to 2022, which was 30.63%. From 2023 to 2024, there will be a decline of 2.06%. The total population of dairy cattle in Getasan sub-district is 8,564 heads in the Animal Unit (AU) spread over 13 villages. The population of dairy cattle in Getasan Village is 102 AU, Samirono Village is 701 AU and Sumogawe Village is 1,486 AU. The results of the calculation of the population of dairy cattle in livestock units with the assumption that the cattle are in mature condition.

 

Table 1: Value (k) for each type of grass-producing land

Land type	k
Meadow	Natural prairie area
fallow land	20% of the total rice field
Rice Fields	2.5% of the total paddy fields
Plantation	5% of the total plantation area
State Forest	country 's total forest area
People's Forest	3% of the total forest area people
Moor	1% of the total moor

 

Source: Ayuni (2005).

 

Table 2: Value (j) for each type of straw-producing plants.

Straw type	j
Paddy	Harvested area (ha) x 0.23 (tons/ha/yr)
Corn	Harvested area (ha) x 10.90 (tons/ha/yr)
Cassava	Harvested area (ha) x 5.05 (tons/ha/yr)
Sweet potato	Harvested area (ha) x 1.20 (tons/ha/yr)
Soya bean	Harvested area (ha) x 1.07 (tons/ha/yr)
Peanuts	Harvested area (ha) x 1.44 (tons/ha/yr)

 

Source: Ayuni (2005).

 

Table 3: The development of dairy cattle population (AU) in Getasan in 2021-2024.

Year	Quantity (AU)	Development (%)
2021	5.275
2022	8,338	30.63
2023	8,770	4.32
2024	8,564	-2.06

 

Source: Results secondary data processing (2025).

 

Availability of feed is the main thing for dairy cattle both for life, breeding, and daily production processes and is the basic capital for livestock development in an area (Purnomo et al., 2024). Forage is a staple food for livestock that must be available, whether in the form of grass, nuts or other agricultural waste in fresh form or after undergoing processing and preservation (Purnomo et al., 2025).

Forage which is widely available in Getasan sub-district includes elephant grass, field grass, and agricultural waste (rice, corn, cassava, sweet potato). In an effort to meet the needs of animal feed, farmers usually obtain it from farm land, plantation land, yards, or on the side of village roads. Based on the results of CIRLP calculations for forage production in Getasan District, the number of forages owned is 10.457,06 tons/year consist of grass production and straw production. dairy cattle business also depends on the existing climate, because the availability of feed for livestock businesses is highly dependent on climate and rainfall. The climate in the Getasan sub-district is a tropical climate with high rainfall and fertile land and is supported by many rivers, so that most of the area is used for agricultural land (Susanti et al., 2014).

Dairy cattle development base area

The base area for dairy cattle development in Semarang Regency is a sub-district that has a relatively higher dairy cattle population than other sub-districts. According to the results of the Location Quation (LQ) calculation, out of 13 villages in Getasan Sub-district, there are 8 villages are included in the base area. The eight villages are Village Getasan, Kopeng, Wates, Batur, Nogosaren, Sumogawe and Samirono. The livestock business population base area in Getasan Sub-district is presented in Table 4.

 

Table 4: Base region with lq value > 1 in sub-district getasan regency semarang year 2025.

No	Village	Value (LQ)
1	Getasan	1.27
2	Kopeng	1.27
3	Wates	1.39
4	Batur	1.42
5	Tajuk	1.45
6	Nogosaren	1.67
7	Sumogawe	1.73
8	Samirono	1.75

 

Source: Results primary data processing (2025).

 

Table 4 shows that Sumogawe and Samirono villages have higher LQ values than other villages (1.73 and 1.75). This thing shows that Sumogawe and Samirono villages have better dairy cattle population development potential than other villages. The results of the calculation of LQ analysis, obtained non-basic areas that have dairy cattle totaling 5 villages. Details of the non-base areas are presented in Table 5.

 

Table 5: Non-base regions with LQ value < 1 in Sub-district getasan regency semarang year 2025.

No	Sub-district	Value (LQ)
1	Ngrawan	0.15
2	Polobogo	0.24
3	Tolokan	0.66
4	Jetak	0.82
5	Manggihan	0.99

 

Source: Results primary data processing (2025).

 

The analysis of regional potential is conducted to determine the specific capacity of a region in a particular sector, often used as the basis for regional development planning. According to Purnomo (2023), the analysis of regional livestock potential is an essential step in providing fundamental information for conceptual and future-oriented planning. According to Rahayu et. al (2024), an LQ value greater than 1 allows the sector to specialize in its products, creating opportunities for trade with surrounding areas. This indicates that dairy cattle are a flagship product of the Getasan Subdistrict, serving as an initial asset for further development efforts.

Capacity to increase ruminant livestock population (CIRLP)

The capacity of increasing the population of ruminants is how much an area has the potential to increase the population of livestock based on the availability or capacity of forage fodder in the area. In general, the CIRLP value is influenced by the area of agricultural land, harvested area and the real population of ruminants (Sandy, 2008). The forage that is calculated is natural grass forage and agricultural waste. An area is said to be capable if the animal feed available in the area is greater than the livestock’s living needs. The results of the calculation of the livestock population, and the stock of forage can be obtained the value of the capacity for the capacity of the forage (Purnomo, 2023). According to Atmiyati (2006) forage can be divided into two types, namely natural forage and forage agricultural waste food crops. Natural forage such as field grass, while forage food crop waste consists of rice straw, corn, soybeans and beans. Natural forage is calculated based on land area; forage waste based on agricultural production of food crops (Rahayu et al., 2024).

Based on the results of the CIRLP calculation, all sub-districts in Semarang Regency have a positive CIRLP value. The total value of CIRLP in Semarang Regency is 1,049,957.92 AU (Table 6). This situation shows that with the current conditions, Semarang Regency can still provide animal feed in the form of grass and agricultural waste in the amount of the CIRLP value, for example Getasan sub-district which has a CIRLP value of 10.457,06 AU is still able to accommodate 10.457,06 units of ruminant livestock. because it has a forage potential of 4.843,07 tons/year.

 

Table 6: CIRLP value for each sub-district in Semarang Regency in 2025

No	Sub-district	Forage potential (tones/year)	Value CIRLP (AU)
1	Getasan	4.843,07	10.457,06
2	Kopeng	10.485,40	23.403,42
3	Batur	6.301,20	14.102,76
4	Tajuk	11.216,65	25.566,29
5	Nogosaren	18.114,65	39.583,69
6	Ngrawan	25.710,18	58.002,41
7	Sumogawe	29.890,59	63.974,36
8	Polobogo	14.520,55	18.466,26
9	Tolokan	9.967,71	13.416,73
10	Jetak	17.501,36	24.377,13
11	Samirono	11.203,20	19.279,36
12	Manggihan	18.570,07	34.147,16
13	Wates	23.939,31	46.515,41
	Total	479.195,63	1.049.957,92

 

Source: Results primary data processing (2025).

 

In line with that, the carrying capacity of the region for livestock is the ability of the region to optimally accommodate a number of livestock populations (Kementan, 2019) classifies land use for livestock based on; a) land as a source of feed for livestock, b) all types of land suitable for feed sources, c) land use for livestock is defined as an effort to harmonize land use with agricultural systems, d) the relationship between land and livestock is dynamic.

Conclusions and Recommendations

The characteristics of respondents in Getasan District based on age are mostly included in the productive age group, the level of education of farmers is generally low but most of them have long experience of raising livestock. Generally, respondents still use simple technology in raising their livestock, using their own capital in livestock business, and animal husbandry institutions have not run optimally. The area which is the dairy cattle population base area according to the calculation of the location quotient (LQ) analysis in Getasan District, Semarang Regency, there are 8 villages, while the non-base area dairy cattle population is 5 villages. Regions in Semarang Regency have a positive CIRLP value including Getasan District which is the sample research area. The results of the calculation of the CIRLP show a high figure (surplus), so the recommended policy is to focus on optimizing utilization, preservation (conservation), and developing down streaming to increase added value.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the research grant from ethe LPPM UNTIDAR, through research grant Hibah Penelitian Guru Besar, 2025.

Novelty Statement

This research is novel in that it combines the potential for dairy cow milk consumption with the population in a specific area using the Location Quotient (LQ) method. This study also takes into account the potential for forage available in that specific area to meet the feed needs of a number of dairy cows (Animal Units) using the CIRLP method. Combining these two methods can illustrate the true potential for dairy cattle business development in a given region.

Author’s Contribution

Sutrisno hadi Purnomo: Conceptualization, conducted research and drafted paper

Lilis Hartati: Supervision and finalized the paper

Rahma Wulan Idayanti: Data curation, writing – review & editing

Generative AI or AI assisted technology statement

Authors declared that they did not get assistance from any AI tool while completing this manuscript

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest.

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