Key to the Tribes and Genera of Tettigonioidea (Orthoptera) of Pakistan

Riffat Sultana*, Waheed Ali Panhwar and Muhammad Saeed Wagan

Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan

ABSTRACT

A key to the 20 tribes and 22 genera of Tettigonioidea is provided, with figures, from Pakistan.

Article Information

Received 25 July 2015

Revised 24 March 2016

Accepted 27 November 2016

Available online 26 May 2017

Authors’ Contributions

RS conceived and designed the experiment, collected the material and wrote this manuscript. WAP prepared illustrations. MSG identified and confirmed the specimens and helped in analysis of the data.

Key words

Tettigonioidea, Tribes, Genera, Pakistan.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.3.sc6

* Corresponding author: riffatumer@hotmail.com

0030-9923/2017/0003-1127 $ 9.00/0

Copyright 2017 Zoological Society of Pakistan

The Tettigoniidae (Ensifera) is a heterogeneous family with more than 1120 recognized genera and 6800 species. It is considered the largest family within the Orthoptera (Bisby et al., 2007). Members of this family are also known as one of the most widespread old world insect groups (Jago, 1997). Samways (1989) and Ciplak (2003) reported that species usually live in open places, mainly in dry habitats, over a wide range of altitudes.

The first valid information on Tettigoniidae was given by Stål (1874), but a thorough review was provided by Brunner (1878, 1893, 1895) and Retdenbacher (1891), which are now considered out of date. After these 19th century publications, there is no consolidated work, and one has to consult numerous publications (Uvarov, 1942; Ragge, 1956, 1961; Bei-Bienko, 1965; Ingrisch, 1990, 2002; Ingrish and Shishodia, 1998; Ciplak, 2000; Naskrecki, 2001; Bader and Massa, 2001; Andreeva, 2003; Riffat and Wagan, 2007, 2012; Wagan, 2008). More recently, Riffat et al. (2013, 2014) and Panhwar et al. (2013, 2014) studied the morphological status of various species of Tettigoniidae from Pakistan.

This article has revised the Tettigoniodea tribe key to include 47 new species from Pakistan discovered by Riffat et al. (2013). It is thus not surprising that intensifying the research on the Tettigonioidea fauna of Pakistan reveals many new taxa and records. A total of 22 known genera are included in the key. Figures are also provided and additional figures can be found in Riffat et al. (2013, 2014, 2015) and Panhwar et al. (2013, 2014).

KEY TO TETTIGONIOIDEA TRIBES AND GENERA FROM PAKISTAN

The characters given in the key will separate the Pakistan genera but not necessarily the tribes from a wider distribution. Genera in this key are grouped by tribe, and some of these are based on the following structures: body size, pronotum, fastigium, cerci, subgenitalplate, and shape of ovipositor.

1. Size large (38 mm), head short and rounded in appearance

2

-- Size (approx. 29 mm) head short, rounded face flattened

Sathrophyllia

2. Pronotum pronounced with or without tubercle (Fig. 1a)

Cymatomerini

-- Pronotum flat without tubercle (Fig. 1b) 3

3. Fastigium wide and triangular, Trigonocorypha

-- Fastigium of vertex narrow and conical Hexacentrus

4. Cerci long and curved (Fig. 3e) Phaneropterini

-- Cercilong, strongly curved, pointed apically 5

5. Ovipositor short, less than 1.5 times as long as pronotum (Fig. 2a) Phaneroptera

-- Ovipositor not shorter than 2.2 times long as pronotum (Fig. 2b) Holochlorini

6. Subgenital plate of male with deep bifurcation (Fig. 3a)

Letanaeini

-- Subgenital plate of male not deeply bifurcate, having lobes (Fig. 3b) Ducetini

7. Pronotum smooth, flat behind the lateral lobes (Fig. 1e)

8

-- Pronotum not smooth, lateral carinae serrated and straight (Fig. 1b) Trigonocoryphini

8. Ovipositor short, wide, strongly curved with rough lateral surface (Fig. 2b) Holochlora

-- Ovipositor relatively narrow, bent almost semi-circularly upwards (Fig. 2c) Ducetia

9. Pronotum with conspicuous but not deep humeral notches (Fig. 1c) 10

-- Pronotum with shallow humeral notches on lateral lobes (Fig. 1d) 11

10. Cerci long, thin, curved (Fig. 3f) Letana

-- Cerci not long, flattened, truncate, short, andthick (Fig. 3g) 13

11. Ovipositor lamelliform (Fig. 2d) Tylopsini (Tylopsis)

-- Ovipositor sickle-shaped (Fig. 2e) Isopserini (Isopsera)

12. Wings short (5mm), dark brown Drymadusini

-- Wings large (32mm), green 18

13. Subgenital plate longer, wide, with excised apex (Fig. 3d) Calopterusa

-- Subgenital plate shorter, wide without excised apex (Fig. 3c) Iranusa

14. Wingsdark brown or dark gray in coloration 15

-- Wings brownin coloration 16

15. Size large (21mm), body brown, ovipositor slightly curved ventrally, obliquely slanting on dorsal side of apex. Prothorax with two long slender spines ventrally between forelegs, tegmina without distinct dots

Gampsocleidini

-- Size small (11.5 mm), body gray, ovipositor curved dorsally. Prothorax without spines ventrally, tegmina with dots Platycieidini

16. Pronotum with rudimentary lateral carinae. Pronotum not wrinkled dorsally (Fig. 1f) Platycleis

-- Pronotum having caudal margin angular, lateral carinae parallel; surface lacking median carina (Fig. 1g) 17

17. Ovipositor sword-shaped and curved upwards, dorsal and ventral margins smooth, apex acute (Fig. 2f)

Glyphontini

-- Ovipositor slightly curved ventrally, obliquely slanting on dorsal side of apex (Fig. 2g) Gampsocleis

18. Pronotum smooth without lateral carinae (Fig. 1h)

Tettigonini

-- Pronotum not smooth having rudimentary lateral carinae (Fig. 1i) Eupholidoptera

19. Ovipositor narrow, strongly compressed laterally (Fig. 2h) Pholidopterini

-- Ovipositor long extending upto end of tegmina (Fig. 2i)

Tettigonia

20. Vertex of head produced to form a tapering cone between antennal bases, notched below, extending beyond basal antennal segments Copiphorini

-- Vertex of head not extending beyond basal antennal segment; produced as rounded tubercle with concave sides, not notched beneath Conocephalini

21. Ovipositor long and straight (Fig. 2j) Euconocephalus

-- Ovipositor sword-shaped, firm, and smooth (Fig. 2k)

Conocephalus

22. Fastigium of vertex narrow, conical, apex acute. 23

-- Fastigium of vertex rounded or truncates Mecopodini

23. Cerci without denticles (Fig. 3h) Hexacentrini

-- Cerci with denticles (Fig. 3i) 24

24. Ovipositor curves slightly upwards and crenulated at apex (Fig. 2l) Decticus

-- Ovipositor robust, elongate, sometime incurved (Fig. 2m) Mecopoda

25. Pronotum dorsally convex, with well-marked median carina (Fig. 1j) Decticini

-- Pronotum flat dorsally, with humeral sinus (Fig. 1k)

Afromecopoda

26. Fastigium of vertex conical, narrower than scapus, furrowed dorsally and separated by step-like incision

Himertulini (Himertula)

-- Fastigium of vertex inversely ovoid, dorsal apex distinctly narrower than vertex fastigium, usually separated from vertex fastigium by a rather large gap

Glyphonotus

Acknowledgements

This study was funded by Higher Education Commission Islamabad Pakistan under Indigenous Ph.D Fellowship programme Phase-II and Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad under grant # PSF /Res/ S-SU/ Bio (423).

Statement of conflict of interest

Authors have declared no conflict of interest.

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